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Judd, Gerrit Parmele

(Encyclopedia)Judd, Gerrit Parmele, 1803–73, missionary and statesman, b. Paris, N.Y. He arrived in Hawaii as a medical missionary. He ended his mission service in 1842 and became a Hawaiian government official u...

naturalization

(Encyclopedia)naturalization, official act by which a person is made a national of a country other than his or her native one. In some countries naturalized persons do not necessarily become citizens but may merely...

propeller

(Encyclopedia)propeller, device consisting of a hub with one or more blades that propels a craft to which it is attached by rotating its blades in a fluid such as air or water. In the latter part of the 1830s the S...

Núñez, Rafael

(Encyclopedia)Núñez, Rafael räfäālˈ no͞oˈnyās [key], 1825–94, president of Colombia (1880–82, 1884–94). After a term as a liberal, he was reelected and became increasingly conservative. A new constit...

North German Confederation

(Encyclopedia)North German Confederation, 1867–71, alliance of 22 German states N of the Main River. Dominated by Prussia, it replaced the German Confederation and included the states that had supported Prussia i...

Lukashenko, Aleksandr Grigoryevich

(Encyclopedia)Lukashenko, Aleksandr Grigoryevich əlyĭksänˈdər grĭgôrˈyəvĭch lo͞okäshĕnˈkô [key], Belarusian Alyaksandr Ryhoravich Lukashenka, 1954–, Belarusian politician, president of Belarus (199...

Kuroda, Kiyotaka

(Encyclopedia)Kuroda, Kiyotaka, 1840–1900, Japanese political leader. Born into a samurai family in Satsuma, he was active in overthrowing the Tokugawa shogunate and promoting the Meiji restoration. In 1874, as f...

Plessy v. Ferguson

(Encyclopedia)Plessy v. Ferguson, case decided by the U.S. Supreme Court in 1896. The court upheld an 1890 Louisiana statute mandating racially segregated but equal railroad carriages, ruling that the equal protect...

poll tax

(Encyclopedia)poll tax, a capital tax levied equally on every adult in the community. Although no longer a significant source of revenue for any major country, the poll tax did provide large sums for many governmen...

Pueyrredón, Juan Martín de

(Encyclopedia)Pueyrredón, Juan Martín de hwän märtēnˈ dā pwāĭrādōnˈ [key], 1776–1850, Argentine general, supreme director of the United Provinces of La Plata (1816–19). In 1806, when British troops ...