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Seignobos, Charles

(Encyclopedia)Seignobos, Charles shärlˈ sānyōbōˈ [key], 1854–1942, French historian. He taught at the Univ. of Paris and wrote many works on French and European history and civilization, some being contribu...

Gilded Age

(Encyclopedia)Gilded Age, a term used to describe a period in United States history—from roughly 1870 to 1900—when the wealthy elite consisted of industrialists w...

Guillén, Nicolás

(Encyclopedia)Guillén, Nicolás nēkōläsˈ gēyānˈ [key], 1904–89, Cuban poet. A leading exponent of poesia negra—an Afro-Antillean genre developed in the Caribbean—Guillén writes poetry charged with in...

Wagley, Charles Walter

(Encyclopedia)Wagley, Charles Walter wăgˈlē [key], 1913–91, American anthropologist, b. Clarksville, Tex., grad. Columbia (Ph.D., 1941). He began teaching at Columbia in 1940, serving as professor from 1953 to...

Yakovlev, Aleksandr Nikolayevich

(Encyclopedia)Yakovlev, Aleksandr Nikolayevich əlyĭksänˈdər nyĭkəlīˈəvĭch yäˈkôvlĕf [key], 1923–2005, Russian historian and diplomat, b. Korolevo, studied Columbia Univ. (1958–59), Academy of Soc...

Colquhoun, Patrick

(Encyclopedia)Colquhoun, Patrick kōho͞onˈ [key], 1745–1820, British economist and statistician, b. Scotland. Active in civic affairs in Glasgow (where he founded the chamber of commerce) and London, he became ...

United Church of Christ

(Encyclopedia)United Church of Christ, American Protestant denomination formed in 1957 by a merger of the General Council of Congregational Christian Churches (see Congregationalism) and the Evangelical and Reforme...

Hofstadter, Richard

(Encyclopedia)Hofstadter, Richard hōfˈstătˌər, hŏfˈ–, hôfˈ– [key], 1916–70, American historian, b. Buffalo, N.Y. He received his Ph.D. from Columbia in 1942 and began teaching there in 1946, becoming...

Halévy, Élie

(Encyclopedia)Halévy, Élie ālēˈ älāvēˈ [key], 1870–1937, French historian, an authority on 19th-century England; son of Ludovic Halévy. In The Growth of Philosophic Radicalism (3 vol., 1901–4; tr., ne...

Bernstorff, Andreas Peter

(Encyclopedia)Bernstorff, Andreas Peter ändrāˈäs pāˈtər bĕrnsˈtôrf [key], 1735–97, Danish politician; nephew of Johann Hartwig Ernst Bernstorff. Made (1773) foreign minister after Struensee's fall from ...