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chemin de fer

(Encyclopedia)chemin de fer shəmănˈ də fûr, Fr. shəmăNˈ də fĕr [key] [Fr.,=railroad], the most popular gambling card game in Europe. The present day versions are variations of Italian baccara which Charle...

Lesdiguières, François de Bonne, duc de

(Encyclopedia)Lesdiguières, François de Bonne, duc de fräNswäˈ də bôn dük də lādēgyĕrˈ [key], 1543–1626, marshal and constable of France. He fought on the Huguenot (Protestant) side in the Wars of Re...

Salvini, Matteo

(Encyclopedia)Salvini, Matteo, 1973–, Italian politician, b. Milan. A member of the right-wing League (formerly the Northern League) from 1990, he served as a Milan city councilor (1993–2012), in Italy's Chambe...

Chabannes, Antoine de, comte de Dammartin

(Encyclopedia)Chabannes, Antoine de, comte de Dammartin äNtwänˈ də shäbänˈ kôNt də dämmärtăNˈ [key], 1408?–1488, French soldier in the Hundred Years War. He served with Joan of Arc, distinguishing hi...

Bonnivard, François de

(Encyclopedia)Bonnivard or Bonivard, François de both: fräNswäˈ də bônēvärˈ [key], c.1493–1570, Swiss patriot and historian. The prior of St. Victor, near Geneva, he supported the revolt of Geneva agains...

Dumouriez, Charles François

(Encyclopedia)Dumouriez, Charles François shärl fräNswäˈ dümo͞o-rēāˈ [key], 1739–1823, French general in the French Revolutionary Wars. After fighting in the Seven Years War, he was employed by King Lou...

Nostradamus

(Encyclopedia)Nostradamus nŏsˌtrədāˈməs [key], 1503–66, French astrologer and physician, whose real name was Michel de Nostredame. He is reputed to have effected remarkable cures during outbreaks of the pla...

Coligny, Gaspard de Châtillon, comte de

(Encyclopedia)Coligny, Gaspard de Châtillon, comte de gäspärˈ də shätēyôNˈ kôNt də kōlēnyēˈ [key], 1519–72, French Protestant leader. A nephew of Anne, duc de Montmorency, he came to the French cou...

Artagnan, Charles de Batz-Castelmore d'

(Encyclopedia)Artagnan, Charles de Batz-Castelmore d' shärl də bäts–kästĕlmôrˈ därtänyäNˈ [key], c.1620–1673, French soldier under King Louis XIV. He fell at the siege of Maastricht. Dumas père used...

Luynes, Charles d'Albert, duc de

(Encyclopedia)Luynes, Charles d'Albert, duc de shärl dälbĕrˈ dük də lüēnˈ [key], 1578–1621, constable of France, minister and favorite of King Louis XIII. With the king's collaboration he caused the assa...