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Viollet-le-Duc, Eugène Emmanuel

(Encyclopedia)Viollet-le-Duc, Eugène Emmanuel özhĕnˈ ĕmänüĕlˈ vyôlāˈ-lə-dük [key], 1814–79, French architect and writer. He was the most prominent exponent of the Gothic revival in France, and was i...

Villard, Henry

(Encyclopedia)Villard, Henry vĭlärdˈ [key], 1835–1900, American journalist and financier, b. Germany. His first name was originally Hilgard. He attended universities in Germany, and after he reached (1853) the...

Basel, Council of

(Encyclopedia)Basel, Council of, 1431–49, first part of the 17th ecumenical council in the Roman Catholic Church. It is generally considered to have been ecumenical until it fell into heresy in 1437; after that i...

Vogüé, Eugène Marie Melchior, vicomte de

(Encyclopedia)Vogüé, Eugène Marie Melchior, vicomte de özhĕnˈ märēˈ mĕlkyôrˈ vēkôNtˈ də vôgüāˈ [key], 1848–1910, French critic. He fought in the Franco-Prussian War and was imprisoned for six ...

Paul II

(Encyclopedia)Paul II, 1417–71, pope (1464–71), a Venetian named Pietro Barbo; successor of Pius II. He was a nephew of Eugene IV. A Renaissance pope, he patronized printing, beautified and improved Rome, and c...

Arnold of Brescia

(Encyclopedia)Arnold of Brescia brĕshˈə [key], c.1090–1155, Italian monk and reformer, b. Brescia. A priest of irreproachable life, Arnold studied at Paris, where according to tradition he was a pupil of Peter...

Passarowitz, Treaty of

(Encyclopedia)Passarowitz, Treaty of päsäˈrōvĭts [key], 1718, peace treaty signed at Požarevac (Ger. Passarowitz), E Serbia. It was concluded between the Ottoman Empire (Turkey) on the one side and Austria an...

Vendôme, Louis Joseph, duc de

(Encyclopedia)Vendôme, Louis Joseph, duc de dük də väNdōmˈ [key], 1654–1712, marshal of France; grandson of César de Vendôme and son of Laura Mancini. He fought in the War of the Grand Alliance. In the W...

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