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Heyse, Paul

(Encyclopedia)Heyse, Paul poul hīˈzə [key], 1830–1914, German realistic writer. Besides the 120 novellas on which his reputation rests, he wrote some 50 plays, 6 novels, and many fine translations, especially ...

Gryphius, Andreas

(Encyclopedia)Gryphius, Andreas ändrāˈäs grüˈfēo͝os [key], 1616–64, German poet-dramatist, originally named Andreas Greif. He wrote in Latin, new High German, and Silesian dialect. Among his many sonnets,...

Geibel, Emanuel von

(Encyclopedia)Geibel, Emanuel von āmäˈno͞oĕl fən gīˈbəl [key], 1815–84, German poet. Although at first a revolutionary poet, he gradually became more conservative, reflecting the growing German nationali...

Frischlin, Nikodemus

(Encyclopedia)Frischlin, Nikodemus nēkōdāˈmo͝os frĭshˈlĭn [key], 1547–90, German satirist and philologist. His dramas, written in Latin and seemingly dealing with antique or biblical subjects, were in fac...

Jonas, Justus

(Encyclopedia)Jonas, Justus yo͝osˈto͝os yōˈnäs [key], 1493–1555, German Protestant reformer. In 1521, Jonas, then a professor at the Univ. of Erfurt, accompanied Martin Luther to the Diet of Worms. During t...

Conrad, Michael Georg

(Encyclopedia)Conrad, Michael Georg mĭkhˈäĕl gāˈôrk kônˈrät [key], 1846–1927, German critic and novelist. With Karl Bleibtreu, he founded (1885) the journal Gesellschaft as a rallying point for German w...

Elizabeth, queen of Romania

(Encyclopedia)Elizabeth, 1843–1916, queen of Romania, consort of King Carol I, whom she married in 1869. Of German birth, she was the daughter of Hermann, prince of Wied. She completely identified herself with he...

Stadion, Johann Philipp, Graf von

(Encyclopedia)Stadion, Johann Philipp, Graf von yōˈhän fēˈlĭp gräf fən shtäˈdēôn [key], 1763–1824, Austrian politician. A diplomat, he was made (1805) foreign minister and campaigned for a German upri...

Schlieffen, Alfred, Graf von

(Encyclopedia)Schlieffen, Alfred, Graf von älˈfrāt gräf fən shlēˈfən [key], 1833–1913, German field marshal and strategist. In the tradition of the Prussian officer corps, Schlieffen was a professional so...

Reynard the Fox

(Encyclopedia)Reynard the Fox rĕˈnərd, rāˈnärd [key], the supreme trickster and celebrated hero of the medieval beast epics, works predominantly in verse which became increasingly popular after c.1150. They a...