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Mozhaisk

(Encyclopedia)Mozhaisk məzhīskˈ [key], city, W central European Russia, on the Moskva River. First mentioned in 1231, Mozhaisk was joined with Moscow principality in 1303 and became an important fortress and com...

Paulus, Friedrich

(Encyclopedia)Paulus, Friedrich frēˈdrĭkh pouˈlo͝os [key], 1890–1957, German field marshal. He commanded the army at the siege of Stalingrad and was raised to marshal's rank several hours before his surrende...

Teutoburg Forest

(Encyclopedia)Teutoburg Forest, Ger. Teutoburger Wald, hilly range, in NW Germany, stretching roughly between Osnabrück and Paderborn. It is forested, and it rises to 1,465 ft (447 m) S of Detmold. Near Detmold is...

pillbox

(Encyclopedia)pillbox, small, low fortification that houses machine guns and antitank weapons. Similar to a blockhouse, it is usually made of concrete, steel, logs, or filled sandbags. Pillboxes came into use durin...

Katyn

(Encyclopedia)Katyn kətĭnˈ [key], village, W central European Russia, 12 mi (19 km) W of Smolensk. During World War II, when it was part of the USSR, it was occupied by the Germans in Aug., 1941. In 1943 the Ger...

Kaunas

(Encyclopedia)Kaunas kouˈnäs [key], Pol. Kowno, Rus. Kovno, city (1993 pop. 429,000), in Lithuania, on the Neman River. It is a river port and an industrial center with industries producing machinery, chemicals, ...

Germantown

(Encyclopedia)Germantown, residential section of NW Philadelphia. Settled by Dutch and Germans in 1683, Germantown became one of the earliest printing and publishing centers in the country. When the British occupie...

Gatchina

(Encyclopedia)Gatchina gäˈchēnə [key], city (1989 pop. 80,000), NW European Russia. The city developed around the imperial palace (built 1766–81), which was used as a summer residence by Paul I in the 18th ce...

Nieuwpoort

(Encyclopedia)Nieuwpoort or Nieuport both: nēˈo͝opôrt [key], town (1991 pop. 9,572), West Flanders prov., W Belgium, on the North Sea at the mouth of the Yser River. It is a fishing port, an industrial center, ...

Rzhev

(Encyclopedia)Rzhev ərzhĕfˈ [key], city (1989 est. pop. 70,000), NW European Russia, on the Volga River and on a major rail line to Moscow. It has textile plants and repair shops for railroad equipment. Rzhev, a...