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Gentz, Friedrich von

(Encyclopedia)Gentz, Friedrich von frēˈdrĭkh fən gĕnts [key], 1764–1832, German conservative political theorist. Admirer of the English political system of checks and balances, Gentz was critical of the Fren...

Fort Stanwix

(Encyclopedia)Fort Stanwix, colonial outpost on the site of Rome, N.Y., controlling a principal route from the Hudson River to Lake Ontario. Originally a French trading center, it was rebuilt by the English general...

Kalb, Johann

(Encyclopedia)Kalb, Johann Ger. yōˈhän kälp [key], 1721–80, American general in the Revolution, known generally as Baron de Kalb, b. Hüttendorf, Germany. He assumed his title for military reasons and as Jean...

Johnson, Richard Mentor

(Encyclopedia)Johnson, Richard Mentor, 1780–1850, Vice President of the United States (1837–41), b. Kentucky, on the site of present Louisville. Admitted (1802) to the bar, he became prominent in state politics...

Mullan, John

(Encyclopedia)Mullan, John, 1830–1909, American army officer and pioneer road builder, b. Norfolk, Va., grad. St John's Colllege, 1847, West Point, 1852. He was one of the chief aides of General I. I. Stevens in ...

Murat, Joachim

(Encyclopedia)Murat, Joachim zhōäshăNˈ müräˈ [key], 1767–1815, marshal of France, king of Naples (1808–15). He left his theological studies to enter the army and fought in Egypt under Napoleon, whom he h...

Monckton, Robert

(Encyclopedia)Monckton, Robert mŭngkˈtən [key], 1726–82, British general. After service in Flanders and Germany during the War of the Austrian Succession (1740–48), he was sent (1752) to Nova Scotia, where h...

Mutharika, Bingu wa

(Encyclopedia)Mutharika, Bingu wa bēngˈgo͞o wä mo͞otäˈrēkä [key], 1934–2012, Malawian economist and political leader, b. Nyasaland (now Malawi) as Brightson Webster Ryson Thom; he africanized his name du...

Parker, Alton Brooks

(Encyclopedia)Parker, Alton Brooks, 1852–1926, American jurist, U.S. presidential candidate (1904), b. Cortland, N.Y. He practiced law in Kingston, N.Y., and was (1877–85) surrogate of Ulster co., N.Y. He becam...

Paulinus

(Encyclopedia)Paulinus or Suetonius Paulinus (Caius Suetonius Paulinus) pôlīˈnəs [key], d. after a.d. 69, Roman general. Under Claudius I he was stationed (a.d. 42) in Mauretania, and he advanced inland past t...