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Trotsky, Leon

(Encyclopedia)Trotsky, Leon trŏtˈskē, Rus. lāˈən trôtˈskē [key], 1879–1940, Russian Communist revolutionary, one of the principal leaders in the establishment of the USSR; his original name was Lev David...

Elizabeth, sister of King Louis XVI of France

(Encyclopedia)Elizabeth, 1764–94, sister of King Louis XVI of France, known as Madame Elizabeth. Deeply loyal to her brother, she remained in France during the French Revolution, suffered imprisonment, and was gu...

Estaing, Charles Hector, comte d'

(Encyclopedia)Estaing, Charles Hector, comte d' shärl ĕktôrˈ kôNt dĕstăNˈ [key], 1729–94, French admiral. After serving in India he was given (1778) command of a French fleet sent to aid the colonists in ...

Grasse, François Joseph Paul, comte de

(Encyclopedia)Grasse, François Joseph Paul, comte de fräNswäˈ zhôzĕfˈ pōl kôNt də gräs [key], 1722–88, French admiral. In 1781, in command of a French fleet sent to cooperate with the Continental force...

Görres, Joseph von

(Encyclopedia)Görres, Joseph von yōˈzĕf fən görˈəs [key], 1776–1848, German historian, journalist, and writer. As lecturer on philosophy at the Univ. of Heidelberg he befriended Joachim von Arnim and Clem...

Guchkov, Aleksandr Ivanovich

(Encyclopedia)Guchkov, Aleksandr Ivanovich əlyĭksänˈdər ēväˈnəvĭch go͝ochˈkôf [key], 1862–1936, Russian political leader. A prominent businessman, during the 1905 revolution he helped found the Octob...

Jumel Mansion

(Encyclopedia)Jumel Mansion jo͞omĕlˈ, zho͞o– [key], historic house, New York City. The sturdy Georgian mansion was completed in 1766 by Roger Morris, one of the city's wealthy merchants. In the American Revol...

John IV, king of Portugal

(Encyclopedia)John IV, 1604–56, king of Portugal (1640–56). He succeeded as duke of Braganza in 1630. Descended from Manuel I and in illegitimate line from John I, he had the strongest claim to the Portuguese t...

Moultrie, William

(Encyclopedia)Moultrie, William mo͞olˈtrē [key], 1730–1805, American Revolutionary general, b. Charleston, S.C. He had fought against the Native Americans (1761) and served in the colonial assembly before the ...

Travis, William Barrett

(Encyclopedia)Travis, William Barrett trăvˈĭs [key], 1809–36, hero of the Texas Revolution, b. Edgefield co., S.C. He moved to Claiborne, Ala., where he practiced law. Travis later moved (1831) to Texas and so...