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Lowndes, Rawlins

(Encyclopedia)Lowndes, Rawlins loundz [key], 1721–1800, president of South Carolina (1778–79), b. St. Kitts. In 1730 his family moved to Charleston, S.C., where Lowndes later became a noted lawyer. In the colon...

Céspedes, Carlos Manuel de, 1819–74, Cuban revolutionist

(Encyclopedia)Céspedes, Carlos Manuel de kärˈlōs mänwĕlˈ dā sāˈspāᵺās [key], 1819–74, Cuban revolutionist. He completed his education in Spain and there took part (1843) in a revolution led by Juan ...

Calderón Bridge

(Encyclopedia)Calderón Bridge käldārōnˈ [key], site of a decisive battle in the Mexican revolution against Spain, fought on the Lerma River E of Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico. On Jan. 17, 1811, insurgents comma...

Castilla, Ramón

(Encyclopedia)Castilla, Ramón rämōnˈ kästēˈyä [key], 1797–1867, president of Peru (1845–51, 1855–62). He fought under Antonio José de Sucre in the revolution against Spain (1821–24) in Peru and too...

Wallon, Henri Alexandre

(Encyclopedia)Wallon, Henri Alexandre äNrēˈ älĕksäNˈdrə välôNˈ [key], 1812–1904, French historian and politician. He was elected (1871) to the national assembly, and it was his proposal (1875) that led...

Thornton, Matthew

(Encyclopedia)Thornton, Matthew, 1714–1803, political leader in the American Revolution, signer of the Declaration of Independence, b. Ireland. Taken to America as a child, he studied medicine and in 1740 began p...

Thomas, Isaiah

(Encyclopedia)Thomas, Isaiah, 1749–1831, American patriot and printer, from Worcester, Mass. Thomas printed outspoken Whig editorials in the Massachusetts Spy, a newspaper that he helped to found. He fought at th...

Shaftesbury, Anthony Ashley Cooper, 7th earl of

(Encyclopedia)Shaftesbury, Anthony Ashley Cooper, 7th earl of, 1801–85, English social reformer. He was known as Lord Ashley until 1851, when he succeeded his father as earl. Entering the House of Commons in 1826...

Piccinni, Niccolò

(Encyclopedia)Piccinni or Piccini, Niccolò both: nēk–kōlôˈ pēchēnˈnē, pēchēˈnē [key], 1728–1800, Italian composer of more than 100 operas. His early works were very successful in Italy, and La buon...

Bamberger, Ludwig

(Encyclopedia)Bamberger, Ludwig lo͞otˈvĭkh bämˈbĕrgər [key], 1823–99, German economist, politician, and journalist. An ardent liberal, he took part in the Revolution of 1848 and was forced to live in exile...