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cryolite

(Encyclopedia)cryolite or kryolite both: krīˈəlītˌ [key] [Gr.,=frost stone], mineral usually pure white or colorless but sometimes tinted in shades of pink, brown, or even black and having a luster like that o...

Jan Mayen

(Encyclopedia)Jan Mayen yän mīˈən [key], island, c.145 sq mi (380 sq km), in the Arctic Ocean, c.300 mi (480 km) E of Scoresby Sound, E Greenland. It was annexed by Norway in 1929. The island is barren tundra l...

Bartlett, Robert Abram

(Encyclopedia)Bartlett, Robert Abram, 1875–1946, American arctic explorer, b. Brigus, near St. John's, N.L., Canada. He accompanied Robert E. Peary on the expeditions of 1897–98 and 1905–6, and in 1908–9 he...

Putnam, George Palmer, 1887–1950, American author and explorer

(Encyclopedia)Putnam, George Palmer, 1887–1950, American author and explorer, b. Rye, N.Y.; grandson of G. P. Putnam, founder of the publishing firm. He led two expeditions to the Arctic—one in 1926, under the ...

Corte Real, Gaspar

(Encyclopedia)Corte Real or Corte-Real, Gaspar gəshpärˈ kôrˈtə rĕälˈ [key], c.1450–1501?, Portuguese explorer. Sent by King Manuel I to search for the Northwest Passage, he is said to have discovered Gre...

Robinson, Arthur Howard

(Encyclopedia)Robinson, Arthur Howard, 1915–2004, American cartographer, b. Montreal to American parents, Ph.D Ohio State Univ., 1947. The head of the map division of the Office of Strategic Services for much of ...

Paleocene epoch

(Encyclopedia)Paleocene epoch pāˈlēəsēnˌ [key], first epoch of the Tertiary period in the Cenozoic era of geologic time (see geologic timescale) between 60 to 66 million years ago. In W North America, the upl...

Eskimo

(Encyclopedia)Eskimo ĕsˈkəmō [key], a general term used to refer to a number of groups inhabiting the coastline from the Bering Sea to Greenland and the Chukchi Peninsula in NE Siberia. A number of distinct gro...

Thorfinn Karlsefni

(Encyclopedia)Thorfinn Karlsefni thôrˈfĭn kärlˈsĕvnē [key], fl. 1002–15, Norse leader of an attempt to colonize North America. He appeared in Greenland in 1002 and married Gudrid, widow of one of the sons ...

fjord

(Encyclopedia)fjord or fiord fyôrd [key], steep-sided inlet of the sea characteristic of glaciated regions. Fjords probably resulted from the scouring by glaciers of valleys formed by any of several processes, inc...