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Maurepas, Jean Frédéric Phélippeaux, comte de

(Encyclopedia)Maurepas, Jean Frédéric Phélippeaux, comte de zhäN frādārēkˈ fālēpōˈ kôNt də môrəpäˈ [key], 1701–81, French statesman. He succeeded his father as minister of state at 14, the post ...

Roland de la Platière, Jean Marie

(Encyclopedia)Roland de la Platière, Jean Marie zhäN märēˈ rôläNˈ də lä plätyĕrˈ [key], 1734–93, French revolutionary. An inspector general of commerce at Rouen and Amiens, he went to Paris in 1791 a...

Sismondi, Jean Charles Léonard Simonde de

(Encyclopedia)Sismondi, Jean Charles Léonard Simonde de zhäN shärl lāônärˈ sēmôNdˈ də sēsmôNdēˈ [key], 1773–1842, Swiss historian, economist, and critic. A member of the circle of Mme de Staël, he...

Rancé, Armand Jean le Bouthillier de

(Encyclopedia)Rancé, Armand Jean le Bouthillier de ärmäNˈ zhäN lə bo͞otēyāˈ də räNsāˈ [key], 1626–1700, French religious reformer, founder of the Trappists. He was of a noble family, was well educat...

Coustou

(Encyclopedia)Coustou ko͞osto͞oˈ [key], family of French sculptors. Nicolas Coustou, 1658–1733, studied with his uncle, Antoine Coysevox, with whom he later collaborated on the decorations at Marly and at Vers...

Feuillants

(Encyclopedia)Feuillants föyäNˈ [key], political club of the French Revolution. It emerged in July, 1791, when those Jacobins who opposed a petition for the dethronement of the king split off and began to meet a...

Jurieu, Pierre

(Encyclopedia)Jurieu, Pierre pyĕr zhüryöˈ [key], 1637–1713, French Calvinist theologian. He was (1674–81) professor at Sedan. In 1681 in an attempt to preserve Huguenot liberties he published anonymously La...

Kivu, region, Congo

(Encyclopedia)Kivu kēˈvo͞o, kēvo͞oˈ [key], region, c.89,000 sq mi (230,510 sq km), E Congo (Kinshasa). It borders on Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, and Lake Tanganyika on the east. Kivu is divided into three provin...

Visconti, Ennio Quirino

(Encyclopedia)Visconti, Ennio Quirino vēskônˈtē [key], 1751–1818, Italian archaeologist. He was conservator of the Capitoline Museum, Rome, and one of the consuls of the brief Roman republic (1798). A politi...

Fouquet, Nicolas

(Encyclopedia)Fouquet or Foucquet, Nicolas fo͞okāˈ [key], 1615–80, superintendent of finance (1653–61) under King Louis XIV of France. His loyalty to Cardinal Mazarin during the Fronde helped to secure his ...