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farming, in taxation
(Encyclopedia)farming, in the history of taxation, collection of taxes through private contractors. Usually, the tax farmer paid a lump sum to the public treasury; the difference between that sum and the sum actual...Anville, Jean Baptiste Bourguignon d'
(Encyclopedia)Anville, Jean Baptiste Bourguignon d' zhäN bätēstˈ bo͞orgēnyôNˈ däNvēlˈ [key], 1697–1782, French geographer and cartographer. His maps of ancient geography, characterized by careful, accu...Guébriant, Jean Baptiste Budes, comte de
(Encyclopedia)Guébriant, Jean Baptiste Budes, comte de zhäN bätēstˈ büd kôNt də gābrēäNˈ [key], 1602–43, marshal of France and general in the Thirty Years War. He commanded the French auxiliaries of B...Fourier, Jean Baptiste Joseph, Baron
(Encyclopedia)Fourier, Jean Baptiste Joseph, Baron, 1768–1830, French mathematician and physicist. He was noted for his researches on heat and on numerical equations. He originated Fourier's theorem on vibratory ...La Salle, Jean Baptiste de
(Encyclopedia)La Salle, Jean Baptiste de: see John Baptist de la Salle, Saint. ...Boussingault, Jean Baptiste Joseph Dieudonné
(Encyclopedia)Boussingault, Jean Baptiste Joseph Dieudonné zhäN bätēstˈ zhôzĕfˈ dyödônāˈ bo͞osăNgōˈ [key], 1802–87, French agricultural chemist. He was professor of chemistry at Lyons and later pr...East India Company, French
(Encyclopedia)East India Company, French, 1664–1769, commercial enterprise planned by Jean Baptiste Colbert and chartered by King Louis XIV for the purpose of trading in the Eastern Hemisphere. It failed to found...Bibliothèque nationale
(Encyclopedia)Bibliothèque nationale bēblēōtĕkˈ näsyônälˈ [key], national library of France, in Paris, a government archive, and one of the foremost libraries of the world. It originated with the collecti...Vincennes, Jean Baptiste Bissot, sieur de
(Encyclopedia)Vincennes, Jean Baptiste Bissot, sieur de fräNswäˈ märēˈ [key], 1700–1736, b. Montreal, was called François Margane after his godfather and uncle. He served as a cadet under his father from 1...Louvois, François Michel Le Tellier, marquis de
(Encyclopedia)Louvois, François Michel Le Tellier, marquis de fräNswäˈ mēshĕlˈ lə tĕlyāˈ märkēˈ də lo͞ovwäˈ [key], 1641–91, French statesman, minister during the reign of King Louis XIV. After 1...Browse by Subject
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