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Robert, Léopold

(Encyclopedia)Robert, Léopold lāôpôldˈ rōbĕrˈ [key], 1794–1835, French genre painter, b. Switzerland; pupil of J. L. David. He excelled in depicting Italian folk life in a classical style. His two best-kn...

Philip III, king of France

(Encyclopedia)Philip III (Philip the Bold), 1245–85, king of France (1270–85), son and successor of King Louis IX. He secured peaceful possession of Poitou, Auvergne, and Toulouse by a small cession (1279) to E...

Charles VII, king of France

(Encyclopedia)Charles VII (Charles the Well Served), 1403–61, king of France (1422–61), son and successor of Charles VI. His reign saw the end of the Hundred Years War. Although excluded from the throne by the ...

Poulsen, Valdemar

(Encyclopedia)Poulsen, Valdemar välˈdəmär poulˈsən [key], 1869–1942, Danish electrical engineer. He invented (1898) the telegraphone (an early wire recorder) and the high-frequency Poulsen arc used in wirel...

Clairaut, Alexis Claude

(Encyclopedia)Clairaut, Alexis Claude älĕksĕsˈ klōd klĕrōˈ [key], 1713–65, French mathematician. He assisted P. L. M. de Maupertuis in measuring (1736) a degree of an arc of a meridian in Lapland. He is n...

La Condamine, Charles Marie de

(Encyclopedia)La Condamine, Charles Marie de shärl märēˈ də lä kôNdämēnˈ [key], 1701–74, French traveler and mathematical geographer. He was one of a group sent to Peru in 1735 to measure the length of ...

James I, king of Scotland

(Encyclopedia)James I, 1394–1437, king of Scotland (1406–37), son and successor of Robert III. King Robert feared for the safety of James because the king's brother, Robert Stuart, 1st duke of Albany, who was v...

Étex, Antoine

(Encyclopedia)Étex, Antoine äNtwänˈ ātĕksˈ [key], 1808–88, French sculptor, painter, and architect. A pupil of Ingres, he is best known as a sculptor. Among his works are two large groups, Resistance and P...

Champs Élysées

(Encyclopedia)Champs Élysées shäN zālēzāˈ [key], avenue of Paris, France, leading from the Place de la Concorde to the Arc de Triomphe. It is celebrated for its tree-lined beauty, its commodious breadth, the...

Kizil Irmak

(Encyclopedia)Kizil Irmak kəzŭlˈ ərmäkˈ [key], anc. Halys, longest river of Turkey, c.715 mi (1,150 km) long, rising in the Kizil Dağ, N central Turkey, and flowing in a wide arc SW, then N, and then NE into...