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Galle, Johann Gottfried

(Encyclopedia)Galle, Johann Gottfried yōˈhän gôtˈfrēt gäˈlə [key], 1812–1910, German astronomer. He is noted for his discovery of the planet Neptune, Sept. 23, 1846, by following the guidance of calculat...

Ersch, Johann Samuel

(Encyclopedia)Ersch, Johann Samuel yōˈhän zäˈmo͞oĕl ĕrsh [key], 1766–1828, German encyclopedist, first editor of the great encyclopedia known as Ersch and Gruber's. At his death, 17 volumes had been compl...

Jongkind, Johann Barthold

(Encyclopedia)Jongkind, Johann Barthold yōhänˈ bärˈtôlt yôngˈkĭnt [key], 1819–91, Dutch landscape painter and etcher. He studied in Paris with Isabey. Jongkind's work was a transition between the Barbizo...

Mayer, Johann Tobias

(Encyclopedia)Mayer, Johann Tobias yōˈhän tōbēˈäs mīˈər [key], 1723–62, German mathematician and astronomer. In 1751 he became professor of economics and mathematics at the Univ. of Göttingen, and in 1...

Most, Johann Joseph

(Encyclopedia)Most, Johann Joseph mōst [key], 1846–1906, German anarchist. A bookbinder by trade, he served as editor of socialist papers in Germany and Austria. His publications were suppressed, and he was freq...

Mendel, Gregor Johann

(Encyclopedia)Mendel, Gregor Johann grāˈgôr yōˈhän mĕnˈdəl [key], 1822–84, Austrian monk noted for his experimental work on heredity. He entered the Augustinian monastery in Brno in 1843, taught at a loc...

Merck, Johann Heinrich

(Encyclopedia)Merck, Johann Heinrich yōˈhän hīnˈrĭkh mĕrk [key], 1741–91, German critic. He was the counselor of many young writers, including Goethe, whose genius he was first to recognize. ...

Nestroy, Johann Nepomuk

(Encyclopedia)Nestroy, Johann Nepomuk yōˈhän nāˈpōmo͝ok nĕsˈtroi [key], 1802–62, Austrian dramatist and actor. A successful performer in comedies and operettas, he later proved himself a brilliant writer...

Neumann, Johann Balthasar

(Encyclopedia)Neumann, Johann Balthasar yōˈhän bältäsärˈ noiˈmän [key], 1687–1753, German architect. He traveled (1718) in Austria and N Italy and studied (1723) in Paris. Neumann designed several palace...

Overbeck, Johann Friedrich

(Encyclopedia)Overbeck, Johann Friedrich yōˈhän frēˈdrĭkh oˈvərbĕk [key], 1789–1869, German religious painter. Expelled from the Vienna Academy because of his opposition to its classicism, he went to Rom...