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Beissel, Johann Conrad

(Encyclopedia)Beissel, Johann Conrad yōˈhän kônˈrät bīˈsəl [key], 1690–1768, founder of the Seventh-Day Baptist community at Ephrata, Pa. Emigrating (1720) from Germany, he settled first with the German ...

Quantz, Johann Joachim

(Encyclopedia)Quantz, Johann Joachim yōˈhän yōˈäkhĭm kvänts [key], 1697–1773, German flutist and composer for the flute. In 1741 he became chamber musician and teacher of the flute to Frederick the Great,...

Overbeck, Johann Friedrich

(Encyclopedia)Overbeck, Johann Friedrich yōˈhän frēˈdrĭkh oˈvərbĕk [key], 1789–1869, German religious painter. Expelled from the Vienna Academy because of his opposition to its classicism, he went to Rom...

Pestalozzi, Johann Heinrich

(Encyclopedia)Pestalozzi, Johann Heinrich yōˈhän hīnˈrĭkh pĕsˌtälôtˈsē [key], 1746–1827, Swiss educational reformer, b. Zürich. His theories laid the foundation of modern elementary education. He stu...

Nestroy, Johann Nepomuk

(Encyclopedia)Nestroy, Johann Nepomuk yōˈhän nāˈpōmo͝ok nĕsˈtroi [key], 1802–62, Austrian dramatist and actor. A successful performer in comedies and operettas, he later proved himself a brilliant writer...

Winckelmann, Johann Joachim

(Encyclopedia)Winckelmann, Johann Joachim yōˈhän yōäˈkhĭm vĭngˈkəlmän [key], 1717–68, German classical archaeologist and historian of ancient art, in which field he was a noted authority. A convert to ...

Böttger, Johann Friedrich

(Encyclopedia)Böttger, Johann Friedrich yōˈhän frēˈdrĭkh bötˈgər [key], 1682–1719, German chemist and originator of Dresden china. When the Swedish invasion of Saxony occurred (1706), Böttger and his a...

Basedow, Johann Bernhard

(Encyclopedia)Basedow, Johann Bernhard yōhänˈ bĕrnˈhärt bäˈzədō [key], 1723–90, German educator, b. Hamburg, educated in Hamburg and at the Univ. of Leipzig. Later he taught in Denmark (1753) and German...

Struensee, Johann Friedrich

(Encyclopedia)Struensee, Johann Friedrich yōˈhän frēˈdrĭkh shtro͞oˈənzā, stro͞oˈ– [key], 1737–72, Danish politician, b. Germany. As physician to Christian VII he gained complete mastery over the ins...

Zeuss, Johann Caspar

(Encyclopedia)Zeuss, Johann Caspar yōˈhän käsˈpär tsois [key], 1806–56, German philologist. Zeuss's principal scholarly achievement was his establishment of the basis for the study of Celtic in his Grammati...