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Ireland, John, American Roman Catholic prelate

(Encyclopedia)Ireland, John īrˈlənd [key], 1838–1918, American Roman Catholic prelate, first archbishop of St. Paul, Minn. (1888–1918), b. Co. Kilkenny, Ireland. He emigrated to St. Paul in childhood. He was...

Gruevski, Nikola

(Encyclopedia)Gruevski, Nikola, 1970–, Macedonian political leader. An economist, he worked for the Balkan Bank (1995–98), then served as trade minister (1999) and finance minister (1999–2002) under Prime Min...

Banharn Silpa-archa

(Encyclopedia)Banharn Silpa-archa, 1932–2016, Thai businessman and political leader. Born into a family of ethnic Chinese traders, he grew wealthy during the 1960s economic boom and became a political power broke...

Pickering, Timothy

(Encyclopedia)Pickering, Timothy, 1745–1829, American political leader and Revolutionary War army officer, b. Salem, Mass. He was admitted to the bar (1768) and played an active part in pre-Revolutionary activiti...

Tutu, Desmond Mpilo

(Encyclopedia)Tutu, Desmond Mpilo, 1931–2021, South African religious leader, b. Klerksdorp, Univ. of South Africa (1954); Kings College, Lo...

Christie, Perry Gladstone

(Encyclopedia)Christie, Perry Gladstone, 1943–, Bahamian political leader. A member of the Progressive Liberal party, he practiced law for several years before serving (1977–2017; as an independent from 1987 to...

Reform party, in the United States

(Encyclopedia)Reform party, in the United States, political party founded in 1995 by H. Ross Perot as an alternative to the Democratic and Republican parties. The Reform party's aims originally included mandating h...

FitzGerald, Garrett

(Encyclopedia)FitzGerald, Garrett, 1926–2011, Irish political leader. After studying economics and law, he lectured (1959–73) in political economy at his alma mater, University College. He was first elected to ...

Ingraham, Hubert Alexander

(Encyclopedia)Ingraham, Hubert Alexander ĭngˈgrəm [key], 1947–, Bahamian political leader, prime minister of the Bahamas (1992–2002, 2007–12), b. Cooper's Town, Abaco. A lawyer, Ingraham started his politi...

Demirel, Süleyman

(Encyclopedia)Demirel, Süleyman sülāmänˈ dĕmĭrĕlˈ [key], 1924–2015, Turkish political leader, prime minister and president of Turkey. A successful engineer, he became leader of the Justice party in 1964,...