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Astana

(Encyclopedia)Astana, Kazakhstan: see Nur-Sultan. ...

Tselinograd

(Encyclopedia)Tselinograd, Kazakhstan: see Nur-Sultan. ...

Tselinny Kray

(Encyclopedia)Tselinny Kray, Kazakhstan: see Virgin Lands Territory. ...

Aktöbe

(Encyclopedia)Aktöbe or Aktyubinsk: see Aqtöbe, Kazakhstan. ...

Kostanay

(Encyclopedia)Kostanay or Kostanai: see Qostanay, Kazakhstan. ...

Aral Kara Kum

(Encyclopedia)Aral Kara Kum, desert, Kazakhstan: see Kara Kum. ...

Akmola

(Encyclopedia)Akmola and Akmolinsk, Kazakhstan: see Nur-Sultan. ...

Semipalatinsk Test Site

(Encyclopedia)Semipalatinsk Test Site, Soviet nuclear testing site, c.6,950 sq mi (18,000 sq km), NE Kazakhstan, near the city of Kurchatov and some 90 mi (150 km) W of Semey (formerly Semipalatinsk). Between 1949 ...

Nazarbayev, Nursultan

(Encyclopedia)Nazarbayev, Nursultan no͝orso͝oltänˈ näzˌərbīˈəf [key], 1940–, Kazakh politician, president of Kazakhstan (1991–2019). Trained as a metallurgical engineer, he was employed at the Karagan...

Pavlodar

(Encyclopedia)Pavlodar, city (1989 pop. 330,748), N Kazakhstan, on the Irtysh River. It is an oil-refining center, and manufactures include heavy machinery, aluminum, and chemicals. It was founded as a fortress in ...

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