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Victor Emmanuel I

(Encyclopedia)Victor Emmanuel I, 1759–1824, king of Sardinia (1802–21). His brother and predecessor, Charles Emmanuel IV, lost (1798) all his territories except the island of Sardinia to France in the French Re...

Fabricius, Johan Christian

(Encyclopedia)Fabricius, Johan Christian yōhănˈ krĭsˈtyän fäbrēˈsyo͝os [key], 1745–1808, Danish entomologist. Influenced by the methods of Linnaeus, under whom he studied, he devised a system of classif...

Heiberg, Johan Ludvig

(Encyclopedia)Heiberg, Johan Ludvig yōhănˈ lo͞oᵺˈvē hīˈbâr [key], 1791–1860, Danish writer, director of the National Theater. In the play Christmas Fun and New Year's Jesting (1817), he satirized leadi...

Andersson, Karl Johan

(Encyclopedia)Andersson, Karl Johan yo͞oˈhän änˈdərsōnˌ [key], 1827–67, Swedish explorer in Africa. In 1850 he and Francis Galton set out from Walvis Bay (now in Namibia) to explore Damaraland and Ovambol...

Oldenbarneveldt, Johan van

(Encyclopedia)Oldenbarneveldt, Johan van yōhänˈ vän ôlˌdənbärˈnəvĕlt [key], 1547–1619, Dutch statesman. He aided William the Silent in the struggle for Dutch independence from Spain and opposed the dic...

Welhaven, Johan Sebastian

(Encyclopedia)Welhaven, Johan Sebastian yōhänˈ sābäsˈtyän vĕlˈhävən [key], 1807–73, Norwegian poet and critic. His charming and reflective poetry, tending toward the classical in style, drew much inspi...

Strindberg, Johan August

(Encyclopedia)Strindberg, Johan August strĭndˈbərg, Swed. yo͞oˈhän ouˈgəst strĭndˈbĕrˌyə [key], 1849–1912, Swedish dramatist and novelist. He was a master of the Swedish language and an innovator in ...

Sergel, Johan Tobias

(Encyclopedia)Sergel, Johan Tobias yo͞oˈhän to͞obēˈäs sĕrˈyəl [key], 1740–1814, Swedish sculptor. He studied (1767–79) in Rome, and much of his sculpture is in the neoclassical style. His subjects, ot...

Runeberg, Johan Ludvig

(Encyclopedia)Runeberg, Johan Ludvig yo͞oˈhän lŭdˈvĭg rüˈnəbĕryə [key], 1804–77, Finnish national poet. In 1837 he became a teacher of Latin and Greek at Porvoo near Helsinki. Runeberg's simple and rea...

Printz, Johan Björnsson

(Encyclopedia)Printz, Johan Björnsson yo͞oˈhän byörnˈsōn prĭnts [key], 1592–1663, colonial governor of New Sweden, b. Bottnaryd, Sweden. After serving as a mercenary in the armies of various European prin...