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Vergennes, Charles Gravier, comte de

(Encyclopedia)Vergennes, Charles Gravier, comte de shärl grävyāˈ kôNt də vĕrzhĕnˈ [key], 1717–87, French statesman. After serving as ambassador at Trier, Constantinople, and Stockholm (where in 1772 he p...

Chouans

(Encyclopedia)Chouans sho͞oˈənz, Fr. shwäN [key] [Norman Fr.,=owls], peasants of W France who rose against the French Revolutionary government in 1793. One of their first leaders was Jean Cottereau, traditional...

San Martín, José de

(Encyclopedia)San Martín, José de hōsāˈ ᵺā sän märtēnˈ [key], 1778–1850, South American revolutionist, b. Yapeyú, in present-day Argentina. After service with the Spanish army in Europe, he returned ...

Olmedo, José Joaquin

(Encyclopedia)Olmedo, José Joaquin hōsāˈ wäkēnˈ ōlmāˈᵺō [key], 1780–1847, Ecuadorian statesman and poet. An ambassador to Paris and London after Ecuador's independence, Olmedo gained renown for his o...

Bohun, Humphrey V de, 2d earl of Hereford and 1st earl of Essex

(Encyclopedia)Bohun, Humphrey V de, 2d earl of Hereford and 1st earl of Essex, d. 1275, English nobleman; son of Henry de Bohun, 1st earl of Hereford. A member of the household of Henry III, he inherited the earldo...

Solesmes

(Encyclopedia)Solesmes sôlĕmˈ [key], village (1993 est. pop. 1,284), Sarthe dept., NW France. Its famous Benedictine Abbey de Saint-Pierre de Solesmes (founded 1010) was a pilgrimage site and led in the revival ...

Marsh, Adam

(Encyclopedia)Marsh, Adam, or Adam de Marisco mârˈĭskō [key], d. 1259?, English Franciscan scholar. He was a student of Robert Grosseteste. When Grosseteste became bishop, Marsh took his place in the Franciscan...

Muret

(Encyclopedia)Muret mürāˈ [key], town (1990 pop. 18,604), Haute-Garonne dept., S France. It is an agricultural market and produces foundry products, surgical instruments, and bricks. In 1213, Simon de Montfort, ...

Lewes

(Encyclopedia)Lewes lo͞oˈĭs, –ĭz [key], town (1991 pop. 14,499) and district, East Sussex, SE England. The county seat of East Sussex, Lewes is a farm market with light manufactures. St. Pancras priory was fo...

Bowditch, Nathaniel

(Encyclopedia)Bowditch, Nathaniel, 1773–1838, American navigator and mathematician, b. Salem, Mass. He had no formal schooling after the age of 10. In 1795 he went to sea, and on five long voyages he carried out ...