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Guise

(Encyclopedia)Guise gēz, gwēz [key], influential ducal family of France. Henri's brother Louis de Lorraine, Cardinal de Guise, 1555–88, was killed at the same time as Henri. After their deaths the leadersh...

Viljandi

(Encyclopedia)Viljandi vĭlˈyändē [key], Ger. Fellin, town (1994 pop. 22,669), S Estonia. Founded in 1283, Viljandi was an important medieval trade center and a member of the Hanseatic League. Walls of the castl...

Giers, Nikolai Karlovich

(Encyclopedia)Giers, Nikolai Karlovich nyĭkəlīˈ kärˈləvĭch gēyĕrsˈ [key], 1820–95, Russian statesman. Appointed deputy foreign minister in 1875, he increasingly took over the duties of the elderly fore...

Hanse towns

(Encyclopedia)Hanse towns: see Hanseatic League. ...

Emecheta, Buchi

(Encyclopedia)Emecheta, Buchi bo͞oˈchē āməchāˈtə [key], 1944–2017, Nigerian novelist, b. Lagos as Florence Onye Buchi Emecheta. In 1962 she accompanied her husband to England, where she had five children....

Skidmore College

(Encyclopedia)Skidmore College, at Saratoga Springs, N.Y.; chartered and opened 1911 as Skidmore School of Arts (for women) through a gift from Lucy Skidmore Scribner; chartered as a college 1922. In 1972 the schoo...

Sonderbund

(Encyclopedia)Sonderbund zônˈdərbo͝ont [key] [Ger.,=separate league], 1845–47, defensive league of seven Roman Catholic cantons of Switzerland; it was formed to protect Catholic interests and prevent the esta...

guild socialism

(Encyclopedia)guild socialism, form of socialism developed in Great Britain that advocated a system of industrial self-government through national worker-controlled guilds. The theory, as originated by Arthur J. Pe...

Perth, James Eric Drummond, 16th earl of

(Encyclopedia)Perth, James Eric Drummond, 16th earl of, 1876–1951, British diplomat. He was the first secretary-general of the League of Nations (1919–33) and ambassador to Rome (1933–39) and served (1939–4...