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Cavaignac, Louis Eugène

(Encyclopedia)Cavaignac, Louis Eugène lwē özhĕnˈ kävānyäkˈ [key], 1802–57, French general. He participated in the French conquest of Algeria and was promoted to general in 1844. After the outbreak of the...

Céline, Louis Ferdinand

(Encyclopedia)Céline, Louis Ferdinand lwē fĕrdēnNˈ sālēnˈ [key], 1894–1961, French author, whose real name was Louis Ferdinand Destouches. Céline wrote grim, scatological, and blackly funny novels. His f...

Blanqui, Louis Auguste

(Encyclopedia)Blanqui, Louis Auguste lwē ôgüstˈ [key], 1805–81, French revolutionary and radical thinker. While a student in Paris, he joined (1824) a branch of the Carbonari, a revolutionary secret society; ...

Berthier, Louis Alexandre

(Encyclopedia)Berthier, Louis Alexandre lwē älĕksäNˈdrə bĕrtyāˈ [key], 1753–1815, marshal of France. He served in the American Revolution and in the French Revolutionary Wars, distinguishing himself unde...

Fernández de Córdoba, Gonzalo

(Encyclopedia)Fernández de Córdoba, Gonzalo fārnänˈdāth dā kōrˈdōbä [key], 1453–1515, Spanish general, called the Great Captain. He fought in the civil wars preceding and following the accession of Is...

Guise

(Encyclopedia)Guise gēz, gwēz [key], influential ducal family of France. Henri's brother Louis de Lorraine, Cardinal de Guise, 1555–88, was killed at the same time as Henri. After their deaths the leadersh...

Parkman, Francis

(Encyclopedia)Parkman, Francis, 1823–93, American historian, b. Boston. In 1846, Parkman started a journey along the Oregon Trail to improve his health and study the Native Americans. On his return to Boston he c...

La Chaise, François d'Aix de

(Encyclopedia)La Chaise, François d'Aix de fräNswäˈ dāks də lä shĕz [key], 1624–1709, French Jesuit, confessor of Louis XIV after 1675. His influence at court was considerable. The great cemetery in NE Pa...

Belle-Isle, Charles Louis Auguste Fouquet, duc de

(Encyclopedia)Belle-Isle, Charles Louis Auguste Fouquet, duc de shärl lwē ōgüstˈ fo͞okāˈ dük də bĕl-ēlˈ [key], 1684–1761, marshal of France and diplomat; grandson of Nicolas Fouquet. His support of t...

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