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Morazán, Francisco

(Encyclopedia)Morazán, Francisco fränsēsˈkō mōräsänˈ [key], 1799–1842, Central American statesman, b. Tegucigalpa, Honduras. He led the revolutionary army that overthrew (1829) the regime of Manuel José...

Santa Cruz, Andrés

(Encyclopedia)Santa Cruz, Andrés ändrāsˈ sänˈtä kro͞os [key], 1792?–1865, president of Bolivia (1829–39). In 1820 he joined the revolutionists against Spain and, as Bolívar's chief of staff, participat...

Philippines, The

(Encyclopedia)CE5 Philippines, The fĭlˈəpēnzˌ [key], officially Republic of the Philippines, republic (2015 est. pop. 101,716,000), 115,830 sq mi (300,000 sq km), SW Pacific, in the Malay Archipelago off th...

Venezuela Claims

(Encyclopedia)Venezuela Claims. In 1902, due to civil strife and to gross mismanagement during the administration of Cipriano Castro, Venezuelan finances were chaotic. Great Britain, Germany, and Italy were determi...

Grau San Martín, Ramón

(Encyclopedia)Grau San Martín, Ramón rämōnˈ grou sän märtēnˈ [key], 1887–1969, president of Cuba (1933–34, 1944–48). Professor of medicine at the Univ. of Havana, Grau San Martín opposed Gerardo Mac...

López y Planes, Vicente

(Encyclopedia)López y Planes, Vicente vēsānˈtā lōˈpās ē pläˈnās [key], 1784–1856, Argentine statesman and poet. He served (1806–7) under Jacques de Liniers against the British invaders. After the re...

Lavalleja, Juan Antonio

(Encyclopedia)Lavalleja, Juan Antonio hwän äntōˈnyō läväyāˈhä [key], c.1786–1853, Uruguayan revolutionist. After serving under José Gervasio Artigas, Lavalleja was imprisoned for a short time by Brazil...

Liniers, Jacques de

(Encyclopedia)Liniers, Jacques de, Span. Santiago de Liniers y de Bremond säntēäˈgō ᵺā lēnēārsˈ ē ᵺā brāmōndˈ [key], 1753–1810, French officer in Spanish service, viceroy of Río de la Plata. A...

Alberti, Rafael

(Encyclopedia)Alberti, Rafael älbĕrˈtē [key], 1902–99, Spanish poet. After abandoning an earlier career as a painter, Alberti published his first book, Marinero en tierra [sailor on dry land] (1925), which w...

Suárez, Francisco

(Encyclopedia)Suárez, Francisco fränthēsˈkō swäˈrāth [key], 1548–1617, Spanish Jesuit philosopher, b. Granada. He studied at Salamanca and was ordained in 1572. He taught successively at Ávila, Segovia, ...