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foreign aid

(Encyclopedia)foreign aid, economic, military, technical, and financial assistance given on an international, and usually intergovernmental level. U.S. foreign aid programs have included at least three different ob...

International Monetary Fund

(Encyclopedia)International Monetary Fund (IMF), specialized agency of the United Nations, established in 1945. It was planned at the Bretton Woods Conference (1944), and its headquarters are in Washington, D.C. Th...

Monroe Doctrine

(Encyclopedia)Monroe Doctrine, principle of American foreign policy enunciated in President James Monroe's message to Congress, Dec. 2, 1823. It initially called for an end to European intervention in the Americas,...

Mitsotakis, Constantine

(Encyclopedia)Mitsotakis, Constantine, 1918–2017, Greek political leader. Active in the Cretan resistance against the Nazi occupation, he became a member of parliament (1946–67, 1977–2004). He was arrested (1...

Halévy, Élie

(Encyclopedia)Halévy, Élie ālēˈ älāvēˈ [key], 1870–1937, French historian, an authority on 19th-century England; son of Ludovic Halévy. In The Growth of Philosophic Radicalism (3 vol., 1901–4; tr., ne...

Indian Reorganization Act

(Encyclopedia)Indian Reorganization Act, legislation passed in 1934 in the United States in an attempt to secure new rights for Native Americans on reservations. Its main provisions were to restore to Native Americ...

Engle, Robert Fry, 3d

(Encyclopedia)Engle, Robert Fry, 3d, 1942–, American economist, b. Syracuse, N.Y., Ph.D. Cornell, 1969. He has been on the faculty of the Massachusetts Intitute of Technology (1969–75), Univ. of California, San...

Ocean City

(Encyclopedia)Ocean City. 1 City (1990 pop. 5,146), Worcester co., SE Md., largest ocean resort in the state; inc. 1880. Ocean City is 28 mi (45 km) E of Salisbury and extends 10 mi (16 km) along a penisular barrie...

Venetiaan, Ronald

(Encyclopedia)Venetiaan, Ronald (Runaldo Ronald Venetiaan) vēnēsēänˈ [key], 1936–, Surinamese political leader, president of Suriname (1991–96, 2000–2010). A mathematician by training, he became minister...

Arab League

(Encyclopedia)Arab League, popular name for the League of Arab States, formed in 1945 in an attempt to give political expression to the Arab nations. The original charter members were Egypt, Iraq, Jordan (then know...