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Donovan, William Joseph

(Encyclopedia)Donovan, William Joseph dŏnˈəvən [key], 1883–1959, U.S. lawyer and government official, b. Buffalo, N.Y., grad. Columbia law school. Distinguished service in World War I won him medals and the n...

Semmes, Raphael

(Encyclopedia)Semmes, Raphael sĕmz [key], 1809–77, American naval officer, b. Charles co., Md. He took part in the Mexican War, practiced law at Mobile, Ala., and was in the Lighthouse Service from 1856 to Feb.,...

Scowcroft, Brent

(Encyclopedia)Scowcroft, Brent, 1925–2020, U.S. air force general and government official, b. Ogden, Utah, B.S. United States Military Academy, 1947, Ph.D. Columbia, 1967. From 1947 to 1975, he served in the U.S....

Phillips, David Graham

(Encyclopedia)Phillips, David Graham, 1867–1911, American writer, b. Madison, Ind., grad. College of New Jersey (now Princeton), 1887. He worked as a newspaper reporter in Cincinnati and New York City, rising to ...

Tudjman, Franjo

(Encyclopedia)Tudjman, Franjo fränˈyō to͞ojˈmän [key], 1922–99, Croatian nationalist leader, first president of independent Croatia (1991–99). He joined Tito's Partisans in 1941 and after World War II ros...

Traoré, Moussa

(Encyclopedia)Traoré, Moussa, 1936–2020, Malian army officer and political leader. He served in the French army and, following independence in 1960, Mali's army, rising to the rank of lieutenant. In 1968 he seiz...

umbrella

(Encyclopedia)umbrella, a small canopy used as a protection against the sun in China, Egypt, and elsewhere in remote antiquity. It was often an emblem of rank. During the Middle Ages the umbrella became almost exti...

Ridgway, Matthew Bunker

(Encyclopedia)Ridgway, Matthew Bunker, 1895–1993, U.S. general, b. Fort Monroe, Va. A West Point graduate, in World War II he was made (1942) assistant division commander and then commander of the 82d Infantry Di...

Nimeiri, Muhammed Jaafar al-

(Encyclopedia)Nimeiri or Nimeiry, Muhammed Jaafar al- mo͞ohämˈmäd jäfärˈ äl-nĭmārˈē [key], 1930–, Sudanese army officer and politician. Early active in the Sudanese nationalist movement, he was tempor...

Caro, Joseph ben Ephraim

(Encyclopedia)Caro or Karo, Joseph ben Ephraim käˈrō [key], 1488–1575, eminent Jewish codifier of law, b. Toledo, Spain. He left Spain as a child when the Jews were expelled (1492) and finally settled in Safed...