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Tarquinii

(Encyclopedia)Tarquinii tärkwĭnˈēī [key], ancient city of Etruria, central Italy, NW of Rome. The head of the Etruscan League, it was defeated in wars with Rome in the 4th cent. b.c. In the 3d cent. b.c. it lo...

Verres, Caius

(Encyclopedia)Verres, Caius kāˈəs vĕrˈēz [key], c.120 b.c.–43 b.c., Roman administrator. He held various posts before serving as governor of Sicily (73–71 b.c.). His corruption and extortion were notable ...

Collingwood, Robin George

(Encyclopedia)Collingwood, Robin George, 1889–1943, English philosopher and historian. From 1908 he was associated with Oxford as student, fellow, lecturer in history, and professor of philosophy. Collingwood bel...

chauvinism

(Encyclopedia)chauvinism shōˈvənĭzəm [key], word derived from the name of Nicolas Chauvin, a soldier of the First French Empire. Used first for a passionate admiration of Napoleon, it now expresses exaggerated...

Essex, city, United States

(Encyclopedia)Essex. <1> Town (2020 pop. 6,733), Middlesex co., SE Conn., in the Connecticut River Valley. Three villages are incorporated into the town: the ...

Gagarin, Yuri Alekseyevich

(Encyclopedia)Gagarin, Yuri Alekseyevich yo͞oˈrē əlyĭksyāˈyəvĭch gägäˈrĭn [key], 1934–68, Russian astronaut (cosmonaut), b. near Gzhatsk, RSFSR. He was the first in history to be rocketed into orbita...

López de Ayala, Pedro

(Encyclopedia)López de Ayala, Pedro pāˈᵺrō lōˈpāth ᵺā äyäˈlä [key], 1332–1407, Spanish statesman, poet, and chronicler. As a royal official in Castile, he served Peter the Cruel, Henry II, John I,...

Wöhler, Friedrich

(Encyclopedia)Wöhler, Friedrich frēˈdrĭkh vöˈlər [key], 1800–1882, German chemist. He studied under the German chemist Leopold Gmelin and J. J. Berzelius, a Swedish chemist, and in 1836 was appointed profe...

Benn, Gottfried

(Encyclopedia)Benn, Gottfried gôtˈfrēt bĕn [key], 1886–1956, German poet and critic, a physician. His early verse and poetic dramas, such as Der Vermessungsdirigent [the surveyor] (1919), were strongly expres...

Brogan, Denis William

(Encyclopedia)Brogan, Denis William brōˈgən [key], 1900–1974, British historian and political scientist, b. Glasgow, Scotland. He was educated at the Univ. of Glasgow, Oxford, and Harvard and was professor of ...