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Victor Emmanuel II

(Encyclopedia)Victor Emmanuel II, 1820–78, king of Sardinia (1849–61) and first king of united Italy (1861–78). He fought in the war of 1848–49 against Austrian rule in Lombardy-Venetia and ascended the thr...

World War II

(Encyclopedia)World War II, 1939–45, worldwide conflict involving every major power in the world. The two sides were generally known as the Allies and the Axis. Although hostilities came to an end in Sept...

Peter IV, king of Portugal

(Encyclopedia)Peter IV, king of Portugal: see Pedro I, emperor of Brazil. ...

Petrópolis

(Encyclopedia)Petrópolis pətrôˈpo͝olēs [key], city (1996 pop. 267,704), Rio de Janeiro state, SE Brazil, picturesquely situated in hills just N of Rio de Janeiro. It is a fashionable resort, with a healthful ...

Ferdinand I, king of Aragón and Sicily

(Encyclopedia)Ferdinand I, 1379?–1416, king of Aragón and Sicily and count of Barcelona (1412–16), second son of John I of Castile; nephew and successor of Martin of Aragón. In 1406, Ferdinand became regent o...

Espíritu Santo

(Encyclopedia)Espíritu Santo ĕspēˈrēto͞o sänˈtō [key] or Santo, volcanic island, 1,485 sq mi (3,846 sq km), South Pacific, largest and westernmost island of Vanuatu (formerly New Hebrides). Generally mount...

Ipiranga

(Encyclopedia)Ipiranga ēpērängˈgə [key], stream flowing near the city of São Paulo, Brazil. On its banks the regent Pedro (later Emperor Pedro I) issued the Grito do Ipiranga, the declaration of the independe...

John VI, king of Portugal

(Encyclopedia)John VI, 1769–1826, king of Portugal (1816–26), son of Maria I and Peter III. When his mother became insane, John assumed the reins of government (1792), although he did not formally become regent...

Osuna, Pedro Téllez Girón, duque de

(Encyclopedia)Osuna, Pedro Téllez Girón, duque de pāˈᵺrō tāˈlyāth hērōnˈ do͞oˈkā ᵺā ōso͞oˈnä [key], 1579–1624, Spanish general and administrator. As viceroy of Sicily (1611–16) and of Nap...

Neutra, Richard Joseph

(Encyclopedia)Neutra, Richard Joseph noiˈtrə, no͞oˈtrə [key], 1892–1970, American architect, born and educated in Vienna. Although Neutra worked for a time with Eric Mendelsohn and later with Frank Lloyd Wri...