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Montluçon

(Encyclopedia)Montluçon môNlüsôNˈ [key], town (1990 pop. 46,660), Allier dept., central France, on the Cher River. Industry developed in the 19th cent. because of nearby coal fields in Commentry and iron-ore d...

Maine de Biran

(Encyclopedia)Maine de Biran mĕn də bēräNˈ [key], 1766–1824, French philosopher, member of the Council of Five Hundred (1797), and councilor of state (1816). His real name was Marie François Pierre Gonthier...

Claiborne, Craig

(Encyclopedia)Claiborne, Craig, 1920–2000, American food journalist, restaurant critic, and cookbook author, b. Sunflower, Miss., studied École Hôtelière de Lausanne, Switz. After settling in New York and writ...

Cluny Museum

(Encyclopedia)Cluny Museum, 14th- and 15th-century Gothic and Renaissance structure in Paris, built by Pierre de Chaslus, abbot of Cluny, and rebuilt by Jacques d'Ambroise. The site is that of the ancient Roman bat...

Cambert, Robert

(Encyclopedia)Cambert, Robert rōbĕrˈ käNbĕrˈ [key], c.1628–1677, French composer; pupil of Chambonnières. His Pastorale d'Issy (1659) and other works are among the first real French operas. With the libret...

Lamarck, Jean Baptiste Pierre Antoine de Monet, chevalier de

(Encyclopedia)Lamarck, Jean Baptiste Pierre Antoine de Monet, chevalier de zhäN bätēstˈ pyĕr äNtwänˈdə mônāˈ, shəvälyāˈ də lämärkˈ [key], 1744–1829, French naturalist. He is noted for his stud...

Huidobro, Vicente

(Encyclopedia)Huidobro, Vicente vēsānˈtā wēᵺōˈbrō [key], 1893–1948, Chilean poet, founder of the aesthetic movement known as creacionismo, which emphasized the value of the poet as verbal magician, expl...

Ndayishimiye, Évariste

(Encyclopedia)Ndayishimiye, Évariste, 1968–, Burundian political leader. He was a law student before he joined the rebel Hutu militia during the country's civil war (1993–2006), and rose through the ranks of w...

Cambon, Jules Martin

(Encyclopedia)Cambon, Jules Martin zhül märtăNˈ käNbôNˈ [key], 1845–1935, French diplomat; brother of Pierre Paul Cambon. He served (1891–96) as governor-general of Algeria, where he pursued a conciliato...

Levasseur, Émile

(Encyclopedia)Levasseur, Émile (Pierre Émile Levasseur) pyĕr āmēlˈ lüväsörˈ [key], 1828–1911, French economist. He was noted especially for his historical approach to the study of economics. He studied ...