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Rutherfurd, Lewis Morris

(Encyclopedia)Rutherfurd, Lewis Morris rŭᵺˈərfərd [key], 1816–92, American physicist, b. New York City, grad. Williams, 1834. From 1837 to 1849 he practiced law. Rutherfurd studied and experimented in celes...

satinwood

(Encyclopedia)satinwood, name for a hard and durable wood with a satinlike sheen, much used in cabinetmaking, especially in marquetry. It comes from two tropical trees of the family Rutaceae (rue family). East Indi...

Cole, Timothy

(Encyclopedia)Cole, Timothy, 1852–1931, American wood engraver, b. London. He came to the United States as a child. Cole learned his trade in Chicago and later moved to New York, where in 1873 he began his 40-yea...

tugboat

(Encyclopedia)tugboat, small, strongly built vessel, used to guide large oceangoing ships into and out of port and to tow barges, dredging and salvage equipment, and disabled vessels. Tugboats range in overall leng...

pyroligneous acid

(Encyclopedia)pyroligneous acid pīˌrəlĭgˈnēəs [key], a dark liquid that is essentially a mixture of acetic acid and methanol (wood alcohol) and is obtained in the destructive distillation of wood. It once se...

tar and pitch

(Encyclopedia)tar and pitch, viscous, dark-brown to black substances obtained by the destructive distillation of coal, wood, petroleum, peat, and certain other organic materials. The heating or partial burning of w...

Shagari, Shehu

(Encyclopedia)Shagari, Shehu (Shehu Usman Aliyu Shagari), 1925–2018, president of Nigeria (1979–83). He served in Nigeria's house of representatives and in several ministerial positions in the 1950s through 197...

vascular bundle

(Encyclopedia)vascular bundle, in botany, a strand of conducting tissue extending lengthwise through the stems and roots of higher plants, including the ferns, fern allies, gymnosperms, and angiosperms. The vascula...

herbaceous plant

(Encyclopedia)herbaceous plant hûrbāˈshəs [key], plant whose stem is soft and green and shows little growth of wood. The term is used to distinguish such plants from woody plants. Herbaceous plants, or herbs, a...

Londonderry, Robert Stewart, 2d marquess of

(Encyclopedia)Londonderry, Robert Stewart, 2d marquess of: see Castlereagh, Robert Stewart, 2d Viscount. ...