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Osman Nuri Pasha

(Encyclopedia)Osman Nuri Pasha ōsmänˈ no͞orēˈ päshäˈ [key], 1837–1900, Turkish general. He fought in the Crimean War of 1854–56 and in Lebanon, Crete, and Arabia in the 1860s and 70s. He was made muşi...

Sirmium

(Encyclopedia)Sirmium sûrˈmēəm [key], ancient city of Pannonia. The site is near modern Sremska Mitrovica, NW Serbia. Sirmium was unimportant until occupied late in the 1st cent. b.c. by the Romans in the conqu...

Senta

(Encyclopedia)Senta sĕnˈtä [key], Hung. Zenta, city (1991 pop. 28,779), in the Vojvodina region of Serbia, on the Tisza River. A river port and an agricultural center, it has a variety of light industries. At Se...

Claudius II

(Encyclopedia)Claudius II (Marcus Aurelius Claudius), d. 270, Roman emperor (268–70), called Gothicus. A successful general under Valerian, Claudius put down the revolt in which Gallienus was killed. He succeeded...

Balkans

(Encyclopedia)Balkans, Bulg. Stara Planina stäˈrä pläˌnēnäˈ [key], major mountain range of the Balkan Peninsula and Bulgaria, extending c.350 mi (560 km) from E Serbia through central Bulgaria to the Black ...

Bad Ischl

(Encyclopedia)Bad Ischl bät ĭshˈəl [key] or Ischl, city, in Upper Austria prov., W Austria, in the cent...

Iron Gate

(Encyclopedia)Iron Gate, Rom. Porţile de Fier, Serbian Gvozdena Vrata, gorge of the Danube River, c.2 mi (3.2 km) long and c.550 ft (170 m) wide, on the Serbia-Romania border between Orşova and Drobeta-Turnu Seve...

Rumelia

(Encyclopedia)Rumelia or Roumelia both: ro͞omēˈlēə [key], region of S Bulgaria, between the Balkan and Rhodope mts. Historically, Rumelia denoted the Balkan possessions (particularly Thrace and Macedonia, and ...

Mackensen, August von

(Encyclopedia)Mackensen, August von ouˈgo͝ost fən mäˈkənzən [key], 1849–1945, German field marshal. In World War I he defeated the Russians in the battle of the Masurian Lakes (1914–15), conducted succes...

Russo-Turkish Wars

(Encyclopedia)Russo-Turkish Wars. The great eastward expansion of Russia in the 16th and 17th cent., during the decline of the Ottoman Empire, nevertheless left the shores of the Black Sea in the hands of the Ottom...