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Costa, António Luís Santos da

(Encyclopedia)Costa, António Luís Santos da, 1961–, Portuguese lawyer and political leader, b. Lisbon. A Socialist, he served on Lisbon's municipal council in the 1980s, then in the national assembly (1991–20...

Kulakov, Feodor

(Encyclopedia)Kulakov, Feodor fyôˈdər ko͞oˈläkôf [key], 1918–78, Soviet political leader. A member of the Communist party after 1940, Kulakov held various agricultural management positions before becoming ...

Kádár, János

(Encyclopedia)Kádár, János yäˈnôsh käˈdär [key], 1912–89, Hungarian Communist leader. In 1932 he joined the then illegal Communist party and held high government and party posts from 1942, becoming home ...

Gheorghiu-Dej, Gheorghe

(Encyclopedia)Gheorghiu-Dej, Gheorghe gāôrˈgā gāôrˈgyo͞o-dāzh [key], 1901–65, Romanian Communist leader, b. Moldavia. He joined the Communist party in 1930 and while in prison (1933–44) was elected (19...

Chaykovsky, Nikolai Vasilyevich

(Encyclopedia)Chaykovsky, Nikolai Vasilyevich nyĭkəlīˈ vəsēˈlyəvĭch chīkôfˈskē [key], 1850–1926, Russian socialist. As a student in St. Petersburg he joined (1869) a utopian socialist student group (...

Spargo, John

(Encyclopedia)Spargo, John spärˈgō [key], 1876–1966, American reformer and author, b. Cornwall, England. An early socialist, he was active in the Socialist party of the United States but resigned in 1917 becau...

Communist party, in China

(Encyclopedia)Communist party, in China, ruling party of the world's most populous nation since 1949 and most important Communist party in the world since the disintegration of the USSR in 1991. After the People'...

Reform party, in Canada

(Encyclopedia)Reform party, in Canada: see Canadian Alliance. ...

Berger, Victor Louis

(Encyclopedia)Berger, Victor Louis, 1860–1929, American Socialist leader and congressman, b. Austria-Hungary. After studying at the universities of Budapest and Vienna, he emigrated (1878) to the United States an...

Streicher, Julius

(Encyclopedia)Streicher, Julius yo͞oˈlyo͝os shtrīˈkhər [key], 1885–1946, German National Socialist (Nazi) leader. An early party member, originally a schoolteacher, he aired his sadistic and anti-Semitic ma...