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Oświęcim

(Encyclopedia)Oświęcim ôshvyĕNˈchēm [key], Ger. Auschwitz, town (1992 est. pop. 45,100), Małopolskie prov., SE Poland. It is a railway junction and industrial center producing chemicals, leather, and agricul...

Wang An-shih

(Encyclopedia)Wang An-shih wäng än-shûr [key], 1021–86, Chinese Sung dynasty statesman. As a chief councilor (1069–74, 1075–76) he directed sweeping administrative and fiscal reforms that drew strong conse...

Afinogenov, Aleksandr Nikolayevich

(Encyclopedia)Afinogenov, Aleksandr Nikolayevich əlyĭksänˈdər nyĭkəlīˈəvĭch əfēˌnəgyĕˈnəf [key], 1904–41, Russian playwright. In his early plays he wrote of labor problems and the dangers of str...

Spargo, John

(Encyclopedia)Spargo, John spärˈgō [key], 1876–1966, American reformer and author, b. Cornwall, England. An early socialist, he was active in the Socialist party of the United States but resigned in 1917 becau...

Cadbury, George

(Encyclopedia)Cadbury, George, 1839–1922, English manufacturer and social reformer; husband of Elizabeth Mary Cadbury. In 1861, Cadbury and his brother Richard assumed control of their father's Birmingham cocoa a...

Cairnes, John Elliot

(Encyclopedia)Cairnes, John Elliot kârnz [key], 1823–75, Irish economist, a follower of John Stuart Mill. His Slave Power (1862), a defense of the North in the American Civil War, made a great impression in Engl...

Brundtland, Gro Harlem

(Encyclopedia)Brundtland, Gro Harlem bro͝ontˈländ [key], 1939–, Norwegian political leader. She worked as a physician in the national health service until appointed (1974) minister of the environment. She beca...

Ashe, John

(Encyclopedia)Ashe, John, c.1720–1781, American Revolutionary general, b. Brunswick co., N.C. Speaker of the colonial assembly (1762–65) and a leader of the opposition to the Stamp Act, he was important to the ...

Kincardineshire

(Encyclopedia)Kincardineshire or Kincardine, former county, E Scotland. Under the Local Government Act of 1973, Kincardineshire became (1975) part of the new Grampian region. In the local government reorganization ...

Aberdeenshire

(Encyclopedia)Aberdeenshire, council area (1993 est. pop. 223,630), 2,438 sq mi (6,315 sq km), and former county, NE Scotland. Under the Local Government Act of 1973, the county of Aberdeenshire (or Aberdeen) becam...