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Frederick Augustus I, 1670–1733, elector of Saxony

(Encyclopedia)Frederick Augustus I, elector of Saxony: see Augustus II, king of Poland. ...

Francis I, emperor of Austria

(Encyclopedia)Francis I, emperor of Austria: see Francis II, Holy Roman emperor. ...

Leopold I, grand duke of Tuscany

(Encyclopedia)Leopold I, grand duke of Tuscany: see Leopold II, Holy Roman emperor. ...

Charles the Bald

(Encyclopedia)Charles the Bald, French king: see Charles II, emperor of the West. ...

Ferdinand V, Spanish king of Castile

(Encyclopedia)Ferdinand V, Spanish king of Castile: see Ferdinand II, king of Aragón. ...

Carlton Club

(Encyclopedia)Carlton Club, British political and social club (founded 1832). Located in London, it was long the center of the Conservative party organization. Since World War II the club has been primarily social....

Joan of Kent

(Encyclopedia)Joan of Kent, 1328–85, English noblewoman; daughter of Edmund of Woodstock, earl of Kent, youngest son of Edward I. She early gained wide note for her beauty and charm, though the appellation Fair M...

Langer, William Leonard

(Encyclopedia)Langer, William Leonard, 1896–1977, American historian, b. Boston. He received his Ph.D. from Harvard in 1923 and began teaching there in 1927. Langer served in U.S. intelligence in World War II and...

Merneptah

(Encyclopedia)Merneptah mĕrnĕpˈtä [key], d. c.1215 b.c., king of ancient Egypt, of the XIX dynasty; son and successor of Ramses II. He succeeded (1224 b.c.) to the throne when he was already advanced in years. ...

Ligne, Charles Joseph, prince de

(Encyclopedia)Ligne, Charles Joseph, prince de shärl zhôzĕfˈ prăNs də lēˈnyə [key], 1735–1814, Austrian field marshal. He belonged to an ancient princely family of Hainaut, in the Austrian Netherlands (n...