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excise taxes

(Encyclopedia)excise taxes, governmental levies on specific goods produced and consumed inside a country. They differ from tariffs, which usually apply only to foreign-made goods, and from sales taxes, which typica...

Mason, George

(Encyclopedia)Mason, George, 1725–92, American political leader, b. Fairfax co., Va. He was one of the most affluent of the colonial Virginia planters. In his triple capacity as trustee of Alexandria (1754–79),...

spoils system

(Encyclopedia)spoils system, in U.S. history, the practice of giving appointive offices to loyal members of the party in power. The name supposedly derived from a speech by Senator William Learned Marcy in which he...

St. Clair, Arthur

(Encyclopedia)St. Clair, Arthur, 1734–1818, American general, b. Thurso, Scotland. He left the Univ. of Edinburgh to become (1757) an ensign in the British army and served in the French and Indian War at Louisbur...

Marshall, John

(Encyclopedia)Marshall, John, 1755–1835, American jurist, 4th chief justice of the United States (1801–35), b. Virginia. Marshall in his arguments drew much from his colleagues, especially his devoted adhe...

Bowers, Claude Gernade

(Encyclopedia)Bowers, Claude Gernade zhərnädˈ bouˈərz [key], 1878–1958, American journalist, historian, and diplomat, b. Hamilton co., Ind. After serving as editor of the Fort Wayne Journal Gazette (1917–2...

Pleasure Ridge Park

(Encyclopedia)Pleasure Ridge Park, uninc. town (1990 pop. 25,131), Jefferson co., N Ky. It is a residential suburb of Louisville.

Saint Matthews

(Encyclopedia)Saint Matthews, city (1990 pop. 15,800), Jefferson co., N Ky., E suburb of Louisville; inc. 1950. It is residential.

Mountain Brook

(Encyclopedia)Mountain Brook, city (1990 pop. 19,810), Jefferson co., N central Ala.; inc. 1942. It is a residential suburb of Birmingham.

Valley Station

(Encyclopedia)Valley Station, uninc. town (1990 pop. 22,840), Jefferson co., N central Ky, S of Louisville. It is a primarily residential community. ...