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Aydin

(Encyclopedia)Aydin īdŭnˈ [key], city, capital of Aydin prov., W Turkey, on the Büyük Menderes River. It is the trade center for a farm region where olives, figs, cotton, and tobac...

missions

(Encyclopedia)missions, term generally applied to organizations formed for the purpose of extending religious teaching, whether at home or abroad. It also indicates the stations or the fields where such teaching is...

Pamuk, Orhan

(Encyclopedia)Pamuk, Orhan ôrˈhän päˈmo͞ok [key], 1952–, Turkey's most celebrated contemporary novelist, studied Robert College (now Univ. of the Bosporus) and İstanbul Univ. Pamuk uses a variety of formal...

Adana, Plain of

(Encyclopedia)Adana, Plain of äˈdänäˌ [key], fertile region along the Mediterranean coast, S central Turkey. It has a subtropical climate and receives rainfall mainly during the autumn and winter months. The p...

Adrianople, Treaty of

(Encyclopedia)Adrianople, Treaty of, also called Treaty of Edirne, 1829, peace treaty between Russia and the Ottoman Empire (see Russo-Turkish Wars). Turkey gave Russia access to the mouths of the Danube and additi...

Tajikistan

(Encyclopedia)CE5 Tajikistan təjĭkĭstänˈ [key], officially Republic of Tajikistan, republic (2015 est. pop. 8,192,000), 55,251 sq mi (143,100 sq km), central Asia. It borders on China in the east, Afghanist...

Bitlis

(Encyclopedia)Bitlis bĭtlĭsˈ [key], city, capital of Bitlis prov., E Turkey, on a tributary of the Tigri...

Kuchuk Kainarji, Treaty of

(Encyclopedia)Kuchuk Kainarji, Treaty of ko͞ocho͞okˈ kīnärˈjē, Turk. küchükˈ kīˌnärjäˈ [key], 1774, peace treaty signed at the end of the first of the Russo-Turkish Wars undertaken by Catherine II of...

Arabs

(Encyclopedia)Arabs, name originally applied to the Semitic peoples of the Arabian Peninsula. It now refers to those persons whose primary language is Arabic. They constitute most of the population of Algeria, Bahr...

Mediterranean Sea

(Encyclopedia)CE5 Mediterranean Sea [Lat.,=in the midst of lands], the world's largest inland sea, c.965,000 sq mi (2,499,350 sq km), surrounded by Europe, Asia, and Africa. Some of the most ancient civilizat...