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Antoine, André

(Encyclopedia)Antoine, André äNdrāˈ äNtwänˈ [key], 1858–1943, French theatrical director, manager, and critic. In opposition to the teachings of the Paris Conservatory, he formed (1887) his own company, th...

Hebbel, Christian Friedrich

(Encyclopedia)Hebbel, Christian Friedrich krĭsˈtyän frēˈdrĭkh hĕbˈəl [key], 1813–63, German tragic dramatist. Born poor, he was largely self-educated. Hegel's historical theories influenced his work, whi...

Napoleon II

(Encyclopedia)Napoleon II, 1811–32, son of Napoleon I and Marie Louise, known as the king of Rome (1811–14), as the prince of Parma (1814–18), and after that as the duke of Reichstadt. Napoleon's abdication i...

New York Pro Musica

(Encyclopedia)New York Pro Musica (New York Pro Musica Antiqua), vocal and instrumental ensemble, founded in New York City in 1952 by Noah Greenberg. One of the earliest groups to attempt historically correct perfo...

Nemirovich-Danchenko, Vladimir

(Encyclopedia)Nemirovich-Danchenko, Vladimir vlədyēˈmĭr nāmērōˈvĭch-dänˈchĕngkō [key], 1859–1943, Russian stage director, cofounder and director of the Moscow Art Theater. Prior to his historical mee...

Lewisohn, Ludwig

(Encyclopedia)Lewisohn, Ludwig lo͞oˈĭzōn [key], 1882–1955, American author, b. Berlin. After teaching German at Ohio State (1911–19), he was associate editor for the Nation (1920–24). His novels include D...

Leconte de Lisle, Charles Marie

(Encyclopedia)Leconte de Lisle, Charles Marie shärl märēˈ ləkôNtˈ də lēl [key], 1818–94, French poet. His first two books of poetry, Poèmes antiques (1852) and Poèmes et poésies (1855), were immediate...

Palamas, Kostes

(Encyclopedia)Palamas, Kostes kôstēsˈ pälämäsˈ [key], 1859–1943, Greek poet. He studied at the Univ. of Athens of which he later was secretary for many years. Except in his early work, he wrote in demotic ...

Wolgemut, Michael

(Encyclopedia)Wolgemut or Wohlgemuth, Michael both: mĭkhˈäĕl vôlˈgəmo͞ot [key], 1434–1519, German painter, wood carver, and engraver who worked mainly in Nuremberg. First instructed by his father and in M...