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Saionji, Kimmochi, Prince

(Encyclopedia)Saionji, Kimmochi, Prince kēmōˈchē sīōnˈjē [key], 1850–1940, Japanese statesman. He took part in the Meiji restoration, then spent 10 years in France, absorbing many democratic ideas. In 188...

Tsushima

(Encyclopedia)Tsushima tso͞oˈshēmä [key], two Japanese islands in Korea Strait. The islands are rocky, and fishing is the main occupation. Nearby, in May, 1905, occurred the major naval battle of the Russo-Japa...

Timoleon

(Encyclopedia)Timoleon tĭmōˈlēən [key], d. after 337 b.c., Greek statesman and general, noted as the scourge of tyrants. A Corinthian, he went (344) with a small army to Syracuse in answer to the appeal of the...

Theramenes

(Encyclopedia)Theramenes thərămˈənēz [key], c.455–404? b.c., Athenian statesman. He helped to establish (411 b.c.) the oligarchical Four Hundred but was later active in overthrowing them. He fought in the Pe...

Renner, Karl

(Encyclopedia)Renner, Karl kärl rĕnˈər [key], 1870–1950, Austrian socialist politician. A deputy after 1907, Renner became, following the abdication (Nov., 1918) of Emperor Charles I, the head of the provisio...

Raymond VI, count of Toulouse

(Encyclopedia)Raymond VI, 1156–1222, count of Toulouse (c.1194–1222). His tolerant attitude toward the Albigenses resulted in his repeated excommunication, although he temporarily made peace with the church in ...

Riga, Treaty of

(Encyclopedia)Riga, Treaty of, either of two peace treaties signed at Riga, Latvia. By the Treaty of Riga of 1920, between the USSR and Latvia, the USSR recognized Latvian independence. The Treaty of Riga of 1921, ...

Peter I, king of Portugal

(Encyclopedia)Peter I, 1320–67, king of Portugal (1357–67), son and successor of Alfonso IV. He married (1336) Constance Manuel, a Castilian noblewoman, but subsequently fell in love with one of her ladies in w...

Orlando, Vittorio Emanuele

(Encyclopedia)Orlando, Vittorio Emanuele vēt-tôˈrēō āmänwĕˈlā ōrlänˈdō [key], 1860–1952, Italian statesman and jurist. He held several cabinet posts from 1903 to 1917 and was premier from 1917 to 19...

Benedict XV

(Encyclopedia)Benedict XV, 1854–1922, pope (1914–22), an Italian (b. Genoa) named Giacomo della Chiesa; successor of Pius X. He was made archbishop of Bologna in 1907 and cardinal in 1914, two months before his...