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Martignac, Jean Baptiste Sylvère Gay, vicomte de

(Encyclopedia)Martignac, Jean Baptiste Sylvère Gay, vicomte de zhäN bätēstˈ sēlvĕrˈ gā vēkôNtˈ də märtēnyäkˈ [key], 1778–1832, French statesman. He was elected (1821) to the chamber of deputies a...

Buisson, Ferdinand Édouard

(Encyclopedia)Buisson, Ferdinand Édouard fĕrdēnäNˈ ādwärˈ büēsôNˈ [key], 1841–1932, French educator and Nobel Peace Prize winner. He studied at the Sorbonne and later taught (1866–70) in Switzerland...

Royer-Collard, Pierre Paul

(Encyclopedia)Royer-Collard, Pierre Paul pyĕr pōl rwäyāˈ-kô-lärˈ [key], 1763–1845, French statesman and philosopher. After entering the law, he took part in the French Revolution and became a constitution...

Sarraut, Albert Pierre

(Encyclopedia)Sarraut, Albert Pierre älbĕrˈ pyĕr särōˈ [key], 1872–1962, French leader, a Radical Socialist. A member of the chamber of deputies from 1902, he was governor-general (1911–14, 1916–19) of...

Carnot, Hippolyte

(Encyclopedia)Carnot, Hippolyte ēpôlētˈ kärnōˈ [key], 1801–88, French statesman; son of Lazare Carnot. He shared his father's exile after 1815 and returned to France in 1823. A follower of Claude Henri de ...

Pertini, Sandro

(Encyclopedia)Pertini, Sandro (Alessandro Pertini), 1896–1990, Italian political leader and journalist, president of Italy (1978–1985). He served in World War I, then became a founding member of the Socialist p...

Cui, César Antonovich

(Encyclopedia)Cui, César Antonovich tsāzärˈ äntôˈnôvĭch küēˈ [key], 1835–1918, Russian composer and critic, a military engineer by profession. As a music critic in St. Petersburg and Paris, he champio...

Cherubini, Luigi

(Encyclopedia)Cherubini, Luigi lwēˈjē kāro͞obēˈnē [key], 1760–1842, Italian composer, who lived in Paris after 1788. Before he was 16 he wrote masses and other sacred works; he later composed Italian oper...

Gounod, Charles François

(Encyclopedia)Gounod, Charles François shärl fräNswäˈ go͞onōˈ [key], 1818–93, French composer, studied at the Paris Conservatory and received the Grand Prix de Rome in 1839. His fame rests chiefly on his ...

Rodrigo, Joaquín

(Encyclopedia)Rodrigo, Joaquín, 1902–99, Spanish composer, b. Sagunto, Valencia. He lost his sight as a child and wrote his music in Braille. After his musical talent was recognized, Rodrigo studied in Paris wit...