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Mather, John Cromwell

(Encyclopedia)Mather, John Cromwell, 1946–, American astrophysicist, b. Roanoke, Va., Ph.D. Univ. of California, Berkeley, 1974. He has been a researcher at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Md., s...

Visconti, Ennio Quirino

(Encyclopedia)Visconti, Ennio Quirino vēskônˈtē [key], 1751–1818, Italian archaeologist. He was conservator of the Capitoline Museum, Rome, and one of the consuls of the brief Roman republic (1798). A politi...

United Nations Children's Fund

(Encyclopedia)United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), a specialized fund of the United Nations. It was established in 1946 as the United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund, and became a permanent part...

Rainaldi, Carlo

(Encyclopedia)Rainaldi, Carlo kärˈlō rīnälˈdē [key], 1611–91, Italian architect of the high baroque. He followed in the steps of the great Roman masters of baroque building, Bernini, Borromini, and Cortona...

Riego y Nuñez, Rafael del

(Encyclopedia)Riego y Nuñez, Rafael del räfäĕlˈ dĕl rēāˈgō ē no͞oˈnyāth [key], 1785–1823, Spanish general and revolutionary. Taken captive (1808) by the French during Napoleon's Spanish campaign, he...

Luna, Pedro de

(Encyclopedia)Luna, Pedro de dā lo͞oˈnä [key], 1328?–1423?, Aragonese churchman, antipope (1394–1417) with the name Benedict XIII. He was a doctor of canon law and as cardinal (1375) became an outstanding ...

Clackmannanshire

(Encyclopedia)Clackmannanshire klăkmănˈənshər, –shĭrˌ [key], council area (1993 est. pop. 48,660), 60 sq mi (157 sq km), and former county, central Scotland. Under the Local Government Act of 1973, the cou...

Victoria, Tomás Luis de

(Encyclopedia)Victoria, Tomás Luis de tōmäsˈ lo͞oēsˈ dā vēktōˈryä [key], c.1548–1611, Spanish composer. He went to Rome in 1565 to study for the priesthood at the German Jesuit College. In 1571 he bec...

Watauga Association

(Encyclopedia)Watauga Association, government (1772–75) formed by settlers along the Watauga River in present E Tennessee. Virginians made the first settlements in 1769, and after the collapse of the Regulator mo...

Webster-Ashburton Treaty

(Encyclopedia)Webster-Ashburton Treaty, Aug., 1842, agreement concluded by the United States, represented by Secretary of State Daniel Webster, and Great Britain, represented by Alexander Baring, 1st Baron Ashburto...