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Merton, Robert Carhart

(Encyclopedia)Merton, Robert Carhart, 1944–, American economist, b. New York City, Ph.D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1970. He has taught at MIT (1970–88, 2010–) and Harvard (1988–2010). Merton in...

Krishna Menon, Vengalil Krishnan

(Encyclopedia)Krishna Menon, Vengalil Krishnan vĕngäˈlēl krĭshˈnən krĭshˈnə mĕnˈĭn [key], 1897–1974, Indian diplomat. He was educated at the Presidency College and the Law College of Madras (now Chen...

Mandelbrot, Benoît B.

(Encyclopedia)Mandelbrot, Benoît B. bənwäˈ mănˈdəlbrōˌ, Fr. mäNdĕlbrôˈ [key], 1924–2010, French-American mathematician, b. Warsaw, Poland, Ph.D. Univ. of Paris, 1952. Largely self-taught and consider...

Tsai Ing-wen

(Encyclopedia)Tsai Ing-wen tsī ēng-wŭn [key], 1956–, Taiwanese political leader, president of Taiwan (2016–), b. Pingtung, grad. National Taiwan Univ. (LL.B., 1978), Cornell (LL.M., 1980), London School of E...

Santos Calderón, Juan Manuel

(Encyclopedia)Santos Calderón, Juan Manuel, 1951–, Colombian government official and political leader. From a politically influential family, he studied at the Univ. of Kansas, London School of Economics, Harvar...

profit

(Encyclopedia)profit, in economics, return on capital, also called earnings, minus the costs of maintaining land, labor, and capital. It is also known as net income. Economic theorists generally make a distinction ...

Hansen, Lars Peter

(Encyclopedia)Hansen, Lars Peter, 1952–, U.S. economist, b. Champaign, Ill., Ph.D. Univ. of Minnesota, 1978. After teaching at Carnegie-Mellon Univ., Pittsburgh (1978–81), he joined the faculty of the Univ. of ...

Gilbreth, Frank Bunker

(Encyclopedia)Gilbreth, Frank Bunker, 1868–1924, b. Fairfield, Me., and his wife, Lillian Moller Gilbreth, 1878–1972, b. Oakland, Calif., pioneering American industrial engineers. He was a largely self-taught e...

Namier, Sir Lewis Bernstein

(Encyclopedia)Namier, Sir Lewis Bernstein nāmˈyər [key], 1888–1960, English historian, b. Poland. He attended the London School of Economics and Oxford and became professor at the Univ. of Manchester in 1931, ...

managed health care

(Encyclopedia)managed health care, system of health-care delivery that aims to control costs by assigning set fees for services, monitoring the need for procedures such as tests and surgical operations, and stressi...