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expert system

(Encyclopedia)expert system, a computer system or program that uses artificial intelligence techniques to solve problems that ordinarily require a knowledgeable human. The method used to construct such systems, kno...

Saussure, Horace Bénédict de

(Encyclopedia)Saussure, Horace Bénédict de də sōsürˈ [key], 1740–99, Swiss physicist and geologist. He was professor at the Univ. of Geneva from 1762 to 1786. He is famous for his studies of the geology, m...

aureole, in physics

(Encyclopedia)aureole ôrˈēōlˌ [key], in physics, luminous circle seen when the sun or other bright light is observed through a diffuse medium, i.e., smoke, thin cloud, fog, haze, or mist. It sometimes occurs a...

Suess, Eduard

(Encyclopedia)Suess, Eduard āˈdo͞oärt züs [key], 1831–1914, Austrian geologist, b. London. He was a professor (1857–1901) at the Univ. of Vienna and served for more than 20 years in the Austrian parliament...

Britton, Nathaniel Lord

(Encyclopedia)Britton, Nathaniel Lord, 1859–1934, American botanist, grad. Columbia School of Mines, 1879. He taught geology and botany at Columbia, 1879–96. He was the New York Botanical Garden's first directo...

Moscow State University

(Encyclopedia)Moscow State University, at Moscow, Russia, officially M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State Univ.; founded 1755 as Moscow Univ. by the Russian scientist M. V. Lomonosov, renamed Moscow State Univ. after the R...

Bochum

(Encyclopedia)Bochum bōˈkho͝om [key], city, North Rhine–Westphalia, W Germany. Mentioned in the 9th ce...

Eaton, Amos

(Encyclopedia)Eaton, Amos ēˈtən [key], 1776–1842, American naturalist, b. Chatham, N.Y., grad. Williams College, 1799. After practicing law for a time, he conducted pioneer geological surveys in Albany and Ren...

Burnet, Thomas

(Encyclopedia)Burnet, Thomas, c.1635–1715, English cleric and scientist, b. Croft, in Yorkshire, England. He was educated at Northallerton and Cambridge. Following travels in Europe, Burnet published in 1681 the ...

Marbut, Curtis Fletcher

(Encyclopedia)Marbut, Curtis Fletcher märˈbət [key], 1863–1935, American geologist, b. Verona, Mo., grad. Univ. of Missouri (B.S., 1889) and Harvard (M.A., 1844). As professor of geology at the Univ. of Missou...