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Ramanujan, Srinivasa

(Encyclopedia)Ramanujan, Srinivasa shrēˌnĭväˈsə rämäˈno͝ojən [key], 1889–1920, Indian mathematician. He was a self-taught genius in pure mathematics who made original contributions to function theory, ...

integer

(Encyclopedia)integer: see number; number theory. ...

Erdös, Paul

(Encyclopedia)Erdös, Paul ĕrˈdös [key], 1913–96, Hungarian mathematician, b. Budapest. A child prodigy, he was mostly home-schooled by his parents—both teachers of mathematics—until he entered the Univ. o...

Hermite, Charles

(Encyclopedia)Hermite, Charles shärl ĕrmētˈ [key], 1822–1901, French mathematician. A professor at the École polytechnique, Paris (1869–76), and at the Faculty of Sciences (1869–97), he exerted a strong ...

symbolic logic

(Encyclopedia)symbolic logic or mathematical logic, formalized system of deductive logic, employing abstract symbols for the various aspects of natural language. Symbolic logic draws on the concepts and techniques ...

Reynolds, Osborne

(Encyclopedia)Reynolds, Osborne, 1842–1912, British mechanical engineer. He was educated at Cambridge and became (1868) the first professor of engineering at the Univ. of Manchester, where his courses attracted a...

Haas, Arthur Erich

(Encyclopedia)Haas, Arthur Erich häs [key], 1884–1941, American physicist and educator, b. Bohemia. He was professor of physics at Vienna, Leipzig, London, and, from 1936, the Univ. of Notre Dame, South Bend, In...

group

(Encyclopedia)group, in mathematics, system consisting of a set of elements and a binary operation a∘b defined for combining two elements such that the following requirements are satisfied: (1) The set is closed ...

Avogadro, Amedeo, conte di Quaregna

(Encyclopedia)Avogadro, Amedeo, conte di Quaregna ämādāˈō kônˈtā dē kwärāˈnyä ävōgäˈdrō [key], 1776–1856, Italian physicist, b. Turin. He became professor of physics at the Univ. of Turin in 182...

molecule

(Encyclopedia)molecule mŏlˈəkyo͞ol [key] [New Lat.,=little mass], smallest particle of a compound that has all the chemical properties of that compound. A single atom is usually not referred to as a molecule, a...