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Manley, Norman Washington

(Encyclopedia)Manley, Norman Washington, 1893–1969, prime minister of Jamaica (1959–62); father of Michael Manley. Of Irish and African descent, he was educated at Oxford and became an internationally known law...

Do Muoi

(Encyclopedia)Do Muoi, 1917–2018, Vietnamese political leader, originally named Nguyen Duy Cong. He joined the fight against French rule as a teenager, became a Communist party member in 1939, and was imprisoned ...

Fico, Róbert

(Encyclopedia)Fico, Róbert fēˈtsō [key], 1964–, Slovak political leader. A member of the Communist party (1987–90), its successor, the Party of the Democratic Left (1990–99), and then the center-left Dire...

Shmyhal, Denys Anatoliyovych

(Encyclopedia)Shmyhal or Shmygal, Denys Anatoliyovych, 1975–, Ukrainian politician. An engineer and economist, he worked in the private sector (1995–2009), then served in the state administration for Lviv Oblas...

Prem Tinsulanonda

(Encyclopedia)Prem Tinsulanonda, 1920–2019, Thai military and political leader. After serving in the Thai army, where he rose to become commander in chief (1978), he entered politics. He served in the Thai senate...

Tokayev, Kassym-Jomart Kemelyevich

(Encyclopedia)Tokayev, Kassym-Jomart Kemelyevich, 1953–, Kazakh political leader and diplomat, president of Kazakhstan (2019–). After graduating (1975) from the Moscow State Institute of International Relations...

Rama, Edi

(Encyclopedia)Rama, Edi 1964–, Albanian political leader and artist, prime minister of Albania (2013–). He studied and taught art in Tirana, then moved to France (1994) and embarked on a career as a painter. Re...

Boumedienne, Houari

(Encyclopedia)Boumedienne, Houari ho͞oärˈē bo͞omĕdēĕnˈ [key], 1932?–78, president and prime minister of Algeria (1965–78). While studying in Cairo during the early 1950s he joined a group of expatriate...

Najib Razak

(Encyclopedia)Najib Razak or Najib Tun Razak näjēbˈ to͞on räˈzäk [key], 1958–, Malaysian politician. A Malay, he is a member of a prominent political family, the son of Malaysia's second prime minister, Ab...

Sharif, Nawaz

(Encyclopedia)Sharif, Nawaz näwäzˈ shärēfˈ [key], 1949–, Pakistani politician; grad. Government College, Lahore; Punjab Univ. Law College. Born into a prominent Lahore business family, he was by 1980 direct...