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Mapu, Abraham

(Encyclopedia)Mapu, Abraham mäˈpo͞o [key], 1808–67, Lithuanian novelist who wrote in Hebrew. For many years an impoverished, itinerant schoolmaster, Mapu gained financial security when he was appointed teacher...

Bustamante, Antonio Sánchez de

(Encyclopedia)Bustamante, Antonio Sánchez de də bo͞ostämänˈtā [key], 1865–1951, Cuban authority on international law, author of the Bustamante Code. A delegate to the Paris Peace Conference (1919), he was...

bond

(Encyclopedia)bond, in finance, usually a formal certificate of indebtedness issued in writing by governments or business corporations in return for loans. It bears interest and promises to pay a certain sum of mon...

Petraeus, David Howell

(Encyclopedia)Petraeus, David Howell pĕtrāˈəs [key], 1952–, American military officer and government official, b. Cornwall, N.Y., studied West Point (B.S., 1974), U.S. Army Command and General Staff College (...

Royden, Agnes Maude

(Encyclopedia)Royden, Agnes Maude, 1876–1956, English preacher and social worker, studied at Oxford. The first woman to preach (1917–20) in an established Anglican church, she was also active in social reforms,...

Sanborn, Franklin Benjamin

(Encyclopedia)Sanborn, Franklin Benjamin, 1831–1917, American journalist, author, and philanthropist, b. Hampton Falls, N.H., grad. Harvard, 1855. An active abolitionist, he was a friend and agent of John Brown, ...

Taylor, Graham

(Encyclopedia)Taylor, Graham, 1851–1938, American social worker and clergyman, b. Schenectady, N.Y., grad. Rutgers, 1870. Ordained as a minister in the Dutch Reformed Church, he served in several pastorates, beco...

Ikeda, Hayato

(Encyclopedia)Ikeda, Hayato häyäˈtō ēkāˈdä [key], 1899–1965, Japanese political leader, prime minister (1960–64). After serving as an official in the finance ministry (1925–48) he entered politics, ga...

Rio Treaty

(Encyclopedia)Rio Treaty (Inter-American Treaty of Reciprocal Assistance), signed Sept. 2, 1947, and originally ratified by all 21 American republics. Under the treaty, an armed attack or threat of aggression again...

Veterans of Foreign Wars

(Encyclopedia)Veterans of Foreign Wars (VFW), organization created (1899) at Columbus, Ohio, by veterans of the Spanish-American War. It received a charter from Congress in 1936. The organization later admitted vet...