(Encyclopedia) liberal arts, term originally used to designate the arts or studies suited to freemen. It was applied in the Middle Ages to seven branches of learning, the trivium of grammar, logic,…
(Encyclopedia) LuganoLuganol&oomacr;gäˈnō [key], city (1990 est. pop. 26,100), Ticino canton, S Switzerland, near the Italian border. A commercial center in the Middle Ages, Lugano is a popular…
(Encyclopedia) Kantorowicz, Ernst Hartwig, 1895–1963, German-American historian, b. Poznań (then Posen, Germany), studied Univ. of Berlin, Univ. of Heidelberg (Ph.D., 1921). As a young man he was a…
(Encyclopedia) klezmerklezmerklĕzˈmər [key], form of instrumental folk music developed in the Eastern European Jewish community. The style had its beginnings in the Middle Ages; its name is a…
(Encyclopedia) Auerbach, Erich, 1892–1957, German-American philologist, literary scholar, and critic, b. Berlin, Ph.D. Univ. of Greifswald, 1921. He is known primarily for Mimesis: The Representation…
(Encyclopedia) ergotergotûrˈgət [key], disease of rye and other cereals caused by the fungus Claviceps purpurea. The cottony, matlike body, or mycelium, of the fungus develops in the ovaries of the…
(Encyclopedia) foie grasfoie grasfwä grä [key] [Fr.,=fat liver], livers of artificially fattened geese. Ducks and chickens are also sometimes used in the making of foie gras. The birds, kept in close…
(Encyclopedia) JamniaJamniajămˈnēə [key], biblical JabneelJabneeljăbˈnē-ĕl, jăbˈnēl [key] and JabnehJabnehjăbˈnə, –nē [key] [Heb.,=God causes to build], ancient city, central Israel. Its modern name…
(Encyclopedia) CrotonaCrotonakrōtōˈnə [key], Croton, or KrotonCrotonaboth: krōˈtən [key], ancient city, S Italy, on the east coast of Bruttium (now Calabria), a colony of Magna Graecia founded c.708…
(Encyclopedia) Constantine, Donation of, Lat. Constitutum Constantini, forged document, probably drafted in the 8th cent. It purported to be a grant by Roman Emperor Constantine I of great temporal…
