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Virginia

Virginia State Facts Entered Union: June 25, 1788 (10th State)Present constitution adopted: 1970 Fun Facts State abbreviation/Postal code: Va. / VANicknames: The Old Dominion; Mother of…

Descartes, René

(Encyclopedia) Descartes, RenéDescartes, Renérənāˈ dākärtˈ [key], Lat. Renatus Cartesius, 1596–1650, French philosopher, mathematician, and scientist, b. La Haye. Descartes' methodology was a major…

Jacobites

(Encyclopedia) JacobitesJacobitesjăkˈəbītsˌ [key], adherents of the exiled branch of the house of Stuart who sought to restore James II and his descendants to the English and Scottish thrones after…

Sforza

(Encyclopedia) SforzaSforzasfôrˈtsä [key], Italian family that ruled the duchy of Milan from 1450 to 1535. Rising from peasant origins, the Sforzas became condottieri and used this military position…

Knox, John

(Encyclopedia) Knox, John, 1514?–1572, Scottish religious reformer, founder of Scottish Presbyterianism. In 1557 the Scottish Protestant nobles signed their First Covenant, banding together to…

Members of Congress: Maryland, Congress,

Biographies of U.S. representatives and senators from Maryland Member Name Birth-Death ALBERT, William Julian 1816-1879 ALEXANDER, Robert 1740-1805 ANDREWS, William Noble 1876-…

Mussolini, Benito

(Encyclopedia) Mussolini, BenitoMussolini, Benitobānēˈtō m&oomacr;s-sōlēˈnē [key], 1883–1945, Italian dictator and leader of the Fascist movement. Mussolini was at first cool to Adolf Hitler…

Louis XI, king of France

(Encyclopedia) Louis XI, 1423–83, king of France (1461–83), son and successor of Charles VII. A born diplomat, Louis skillfully checked his foreign and domestic enemies and set up an efficient…

canon law

(Encyclopedia) canon law, in the Roman Catholic Church, the body of law based on the legislation of the councils (both ecumenical and local) and the popes, as well as the bishops (for diocesan…