(Encyclopedia) Bagration, Piotr Ivanovich, PrinceBagration, Piotr Ivanovich, Princepyôˈtər ēväˈnəvyĭch bägrätēōnˈ [key], 1765–1812, Russian general in the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars. He…
(Encyclopedia) Barthélemy, François, marquis de, 1747?–1830, French statesman. While minister to Switzerland, he negotiated the Treaties of Basel (1795), which took Prussia and Spain out of the…
(Encyclopedia) February Revolution, 1848, French revolution that overthrew the monarchy of Louis Philippe and established the Second Republic. General dissatisfaction resulted partly from the king's…
(Encyclopedia) Quadruple Alliance, any of several European alliances. The Quadruple Alliance of 1718 was formed by Great Britain, France, the Holy Roman emperor, and the Netherlands when Philip V of…
WHO WAS KNOWN AS THE LIBERATOR? WHO ENDED PORTUGUESE RULE IN BRAZIL? WHEN DID ARGENTINA BECOME INDEPENDENT? WHAT WERE SOUTH AMERICA’S NEW ECONOMIES? FIND OUT MOREThe American empires founded by…
(Encyclopedia) Dalberg, Karl Theodor, Freiherr vonDalberg, Karl Theodor, Freiherr vonkärl tāˈədôrˌ frīˈhĕr fôn dälˈbĕrk [key], 1744–1817, German statesman, of an ancient noble family prominent in…
(Encyclopedia) Clausel or Clauzel, BertrandClausel or Clauzel, BertrandbĕrträNˈ klōzĕlˈ [key], 1772–1842, marshal of France. Having served in the French Revolutionary Wars and in the Napoleonic…
(Encyclopedia) Grabbe, Christian DietrichGrabbe, Christian Dietrichkrĭsˈtēän dēˈtrĭkh gräbˈə [key], 1801–36, German dramatist and journalist. Critical of “Shakespearomania,” Grabbe strove for a…
(Encyclopedia) Gérando, Joseph Marie deGérando, Joseph Marie dezhôzĕfˈ märēˈ də zhāräNdōˈ [key], 1772–1842, French philosopher and political figure. Joining the insurrection in Lyons against the…
(Encyclopedia) Meissonier, Jean Louis ErnestMeissonier, Jean Louis ErnestzhäN lwē ĕrnĕstˈ māsônyāˈ [key], 1815–91, French genre and military painter. His study of the Dutch masters was evident in his…
