(Encyclopedia) Pius IX, 1792–1878, pope (1846–78), an Italian named Giovanni M. Mastai-Ferretti, b. Senigallia; successor of Gregory XVI. He was cardinal and bishop of Imola when elected pope. For…
(Encyclopedia) SovetskSovetsksəvyĕtskˈ [key], formerly TilsitSovetsktĭlˈzĭt [key], town (1989 pop. 41,900), NW European Russia, on the Neman River at the mouth of the Tilse. It is a rail junction, a…
(Encyclopedia) Maury, Jean SiffreinMaury, Jean SiffreinzhäN sēfrăNˈ môrēˈ [key], 1746–1817, French churchman, cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. A court preacher and writer before the French…
(Encyclopedia) Hofer, AndreasHofer, Andreasändrāˈäs hōˈfər [key], 1767–1810, Austrian patriot; son of a Tyrolean innkeeper. After its defeat by Napoleon I in 1805 Austria was forced to cede the Tyrol…
(Encyclopedia) Grévy, JulesGrévy, Juleszhül grāvēˈ [key], 1807–91, French statesman, president of France (1879–87). As a republican deputy after the February Revolution (1848), he sought to eliminate…
(Encyclopedia) Cormenin, Louis Marie de La Haye, vicomte deCormenin, Louis Marie de La Haye, vicomte delwē märēˈ də lä ā vēkôNtˈ də kôrmənăNˈ [key], 1788–1868, French politician, jurist, and…
(Encyclopedia) chauvinismchauvinismshōˈvənĭzəm [key], word derived from the name of Nicolas Chauvin, a soldier of the First French Empire. Used first for a passionate admiration of Napoleon, it now…
(Encyclopedia) RochefortRochefortrôshfôrˈ [key] or Rochefort-sur-MerRochefort–sür-mĕr [key], city (1990 pop. 26,949), Charente-Maritime dept., W France, on the Charente River near the Bay of Biscay.…
(Encyclopedia) Seaton, John Colborne, 1st Baron, 1778–1863, British soldier and colonial administrator. He served in Egypt (1801) and Sicily (1806), participated (1808–14) in the Peninsular War, and…
(Encyclopedia) Saint-CloudSaint-CloudsăN-kl&oomacr;ˈ [key], town (1990 est. pop. 28,673), Hauts-de-Seine dept., N central France, a suburb W of Paris on the Seine River. It is a residential town…
