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Geoffroy, Étienne François

(Encyclopedia) Geoffroy, Étienne FrançoisGeoffroy, Étienne Françoisātyĕnˈ fräNswäˈ zhôfrwäˈ [key], 1672–1731, French physician and chemist, also known as Geoffroy the Elder. He became a pharmacist in…

Marais

(Encyclopedia) MaraisMaraismärāˈ [key] [Fr.,=swamp], old quarter of Paris, on the right bank of the Seine. Until the 18th cent. it was the most aristocratic section of Paris. The Hôtel des Tournelles…

bourse

(Encyclopedia) boursebourseb&oobreve;rs [key], term applied to a European stock exchange. The first international bourse was established in Antwerp in the 16th cent. The Paris bourse, dating from…

Casella, Alfredo

(Encyclopedia) Casella, AlfredoCasella, Alfredoälfrāˈdō käsĕlˈlä [key], 1883–1947, Italian composer, pianist, conductor, and writer on music; pupil of Gabriel Fauré at the Paris Conservatory. He…

Puvis de Chavannes, Pierre

(Encyclopedia) Puvis de Chavannes, PierrePuvis de Chavannes, Pierrepyĕr püvēˈ də shävänˈ [key], 1824–98, French mural painter, b. Lyons. In 1844 he went to Paris, where he studied under Delacroix and…

Seine

(Encyclopedia) SeineSeinesān, Fr. sĕn [key], Lat. Sequana, river, c.480 mi (770 km) long, rising in the Langres Plateau and flowing generally NW through N France. It passes Troyes, Melun, and Paris,…

half-timber house

(Encyclopedia) half-timber house, type of construction of the Middle Ages in N Europe, used chiefly for dwellings. Some French examples date from the 12th cent., and by the 13th cent. the building…

Gaines, Edmund Pendleton

(Encyclopedia) Gaines, Edmund Pendleton, 1777–1849, U.S. army officer, b. Culpeper co., Va.; brother of George Strother Gaines. He spent his boyhood in Tennessee and at the age of 22 joined the U.S.…

Lowell, Francis Cabot

(Encyclopedia) Lowell, Francis Cabot, 1775–1817, pioneer American cotton manufacturer, b. Newburyport, Mass.; son of John Lowell (1743–1802). A merchant in Boston, he traveled (1810) to England,…