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Saint Peter's Church

(Encyclopedia) Saint Peter's Church, Vatican City, principal and one of the largest churches of the Christian world. The present structure was built mainly between 1506 and 1626 on the original site…

Leap Year Explained

Leap years synchronize the calendar year with the solar year by Ann Marie Imbornoni & Mark Hughes Related Links Leap Year 101 History of the Calendar History of the Calendar…

1983 World History

  1983 Pope John Paul II signs new Roman Catholic code incorporating changes brought about by Second Vatican Council (Jan. 25). Second space shuttle, Challenger, makes successful maiden voyage,…

Ammanati, Bartolomeo

(Encyclopedia) Ammanati, BartolomeoAmmanati, Bartolomeobärtōlōmĕˈō äm-mänäˈtē [key], 1511–92, Italian sculptor and architect. He studied under Bandinelli in Florence and assisted Jacopo Sansovino in…

Philip II, king of France

(Encyclopedia) Philip II or Philip Augustus, 1165–1223, king of France (1180–1223), son of Louis VII. During his reign the royal domains were more than doubled, and the royal power was consolidated…

William the Lion

(Encyclopedia) William the Lion, 1143–1214, king of Scotland (1165–1214), brother and successor of Malcolm IV. Determined to recover Northumbria (lost to England in 1157), he supported the rebellion…

The Gregorian Calendar—History

The Curious History of the Gregorian Calendar Eleven days that never were by Ben Snowden RELATED LINKS Leap Year ExplainedIdes of MarchOrigins of April Fools' DayHistory…

Michelangelo Buonarroti

(Encyclopedia) Michelangelo BuonarrotiMichelangelo Buonarrotimīkəlănˈjəlō, Ital. mēkālänˈjālō bwōnär-rôˈtē [key], 1475–1564, Italian sculptor, painter, architect, and poet, b. Caprese, Tuscany.…

Martin IV, d. 1285, pope

(Encyclopedia) Martin IV, d. 1285, pope (1281–85), a Frenchman named Simon de Brie; successor of Nicholas III. He was chancellor under Louis IX of France and was created cardinal by Urban IV. He was…

Martin V, 1368–1431, pope

(Encyclopedia) Martin V, 1368–1431, pope (1417–31), a Roman named Oddone Colonna; successor of Gregory XII. He was created cardinal by Innocent VII, and in the schism (see Schism, Great) he attended…