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Carlos, prince of the Asturias

(Encyclopedia) Carlos, 1545–68, prince of the Asturias, son of Philip II of Spain and Maria of Portugal. Don Carlos, who seems to have been mentally unbalanced and subject to fits of homicidal mania…

Fox, Charles James

(Encyclopedia) Fox, Charles James, 1749–1806, British statesman and orator, for many years the outstanding parliamentary proponent of liberal reform. He entered Parliament in 1768 and served as lord…

How to Use The Columbia Encyclopedia

The Columbia Encyclopedia is easy to use. All articles are arranged alphabetically with each article heading in boldface type. The headings of biographical articles are inverted and alphabetized by…

Benedetti, Vincent

(Encyclopedia) Benedetti, VincentBenedetti, VincentvăNsäNˈ [key]Benedetti, Vincent bānādĕtˈtē [key], 1817–1900, French diplomat, b. Corsica, made a count by Napoleon III. He was ambassador to Prussia…

Brancovan, Constantine

(Encyclopedia) Brancovan, ConstantineBrancovan, Constantinebrän-kōvänˈ [key], 1654–1714, prince of Walachia (1688–1714). A skillful politician who secured domestic peace, he furthered Walachia's…

John II, Byzantine emperor

(Encyclopedia) John II (John Comnenus)John IIkŏmnēˈnəs [key], 1088–1143, Byzantine emperor (1118–43), son and successor of Alexius I. He was crowned despite the intrigues of his sister, Anna Comnena…

Jean

(Encyclopedia) JeanJeanzhäN [key], 1921–2019, grand duke of Luxembourg (1964–2000); son of Charlotte, grand duchess of Luxembourg, and Felix, prince of Bourbon-Parma. He fought with Great Britain's…

Barros, João de

(Encyclopedia) Barros, João deBarros, João dezhwouN dĭ bäˈr&oobreve;sh [key], 1496–1570, Portuguese historian. Of noble family, he early entered the service of the prince who became King John III…

Villeroi, François de Neufville, duc de

(Encyclopedia) Villeroi, François de Neufville, duc deVilleroi, François de Neufville, duc defräNswäˈ də növēlˈ dük də vēlrwäˈ [key], 1644–1730, marshal of France and favorite of King Louis XIV. In…